ᱚᱥᱞᱳ

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ
ᱚᱥᱞᱳ
; Flag	; Coat of arms
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
• ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ	480 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (190 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
• ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	454.20 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (175.37 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
• ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	26.64 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (10.29 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	(ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓)
• ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ	᱗᱐᱙,᱐᱓᱗increase
• ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ	᱑,᱐᱖᱔,᱒᱓᱕
• ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ	᱑,᱕᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱗
	CET (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱑)
• ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ (DST)	CEST (UTC+᱒)

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱙,᱐᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ᱾^[᱒]^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱑,᱕᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾^[᱕]^[᱖] ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱭᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱞᱞᱮᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱳᱜᱽᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ, ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱴᱨᱟᱢ, ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱢᱤᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱤᱱᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ (ᱠᱳᱭᱮᱯᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ Dfb) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱭᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟ (ᱥᱱᱳᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱩᱨᱞᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱓ ᱥᱤᱜᱩᱨᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱔᱘ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱵᱚᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱮᱨᱥᱦᱩᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱙᱐ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ,^[᱗]^[᱘] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱔ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱮᱨᱥᱦᱩᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,^[᱙]^[᱑᱐] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱥᱞᱳᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱳᱰᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱐ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱢᱳᱭᱟ (᱐.᱕᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱐.᱒᱒ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱞᱳᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔᱓ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱰᱟᱞᱥᱵᱷᱟᱱᱱᱮᱴ (᱓.᱙᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱑.᱕᱑ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱮᱠᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞᱵᱷᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱰᱟᱞᱥᱵᱷᱟᱱᱱᱮᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱦᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱳᱨᱵᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱠᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ; ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱮᱞᱟᱸᱰᱥ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱞᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱳᱨᱩᱰᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱠᱮᱵᱮᱨᱜᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱒᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒,᱐᱖᱔ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱪᱷᱤᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ

ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱷ ᱰᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱭᱩᱪᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱢᱥᱴᱮᱨᱰᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾

ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱘,᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ, ᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱴ ᱱᱳᱨᱥᱠᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱵᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱚᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱖.᱕% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱳ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱤᱰᱤᱝ ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱸᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱸᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (€᱙᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱ ᱳ ᱠᱮ ᱒᱕᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (€᱒᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱳᱞᱤᱴᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱢᱮᱱ, ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕% ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱳᱱᱴᱤᱱᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱑᱖% ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱠᱳᱱᱳᱢᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ (ᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱭᱩ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱭᱩ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ ᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱭᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱒᱖᱕᱔ ᱢᱮᱡᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱣᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱭᱩ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱢᱩᱱᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱚᱥ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱫᱟᱦᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱱᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱢᱥᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱤᱵᱽᱥᱮᱱ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ, ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱽᱰᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱭᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱫᱟᱦᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱠᱤᱝᱥᱠᱤᱯᱦᱩᱥᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟ ᱠᱳᱱ-ᱴᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ᱾ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱰᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱥᱴ ᱟᱭᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱳᱢᱤᱥᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ "ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱥ ᱤᱠᱳᱱᱳᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱱᱳᱵᱮᱞ ᱯᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ". Kartverket.no. Kartverket. ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔. Archived from the original on ᱑᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
↑ ^᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ "ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ, ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Archived from the original on ᱑᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
↑ ^᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ "ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Archived from the original on ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ "ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ, ᱠᱭᱩ᱒ ᱒᱐᱑᱕". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱒᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Archived from the original on ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
↑ ^᱕.᱐ ^᱕.᱑ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱞᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴ, ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱟᱞ- ᱳᱜ (᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱓). "ᱥᱴ.ᱢᱮᱞᱰ. ᱮᱱᱟᱨ. ᱓᱑ (᱒᱐᱐᱒–᱒᱐᱐᱓)". Regjeringen.no (in ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ). Archived from the original on ᱖ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
↑ ^᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ "ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱒᱕᱘ ᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ". ssb.no (in ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨᱥᱠ). Archived from the original on ᱒᱓ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
↑ Aftenposten, 12 October 2014, p. 15.
↑ "Han har kartlagt Christianias karthistorie". 8 December 2014. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
↑ "Oslo – historie". 3 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
↑ Knut Are Tvedt, red. (2000). «Oslo gate». Oslo byleksikon (4. utg.). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. page. 324. ISBN 82-573-0815-3.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Oslo Kommune official website

City of Oslo: official website
City of Oslo: official website
Official Travel and Visitors Guide to Oslo.

[1] "ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ". Kartverket.no. Kartverket. ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔. Archived from the original on ᱑᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)

[Stats2016_a-2] ᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ "ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ, ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Archived from the original on ᱑᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)

[Stats2015_b-3] ᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ "ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Archived from the original on ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)

[Pop2015Q2-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ "ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ, ᱠᱭᱩ᱒ ᱒᱐᱑᱕". ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ. ᱒᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Archived from the original on ᱑᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)

[metro_a-5] ᱕.᱐ ^᱕.᱑ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱞᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴ, ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱟᱞ- ᱳᱜ (᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱓). "ᱥᱴ.ᱢᱮᱞᱰ. ᱮᱱᱟᱨ. ᱓᱑ (᱒᱐᱐᱒–᱒᱐᱐᱓)". Regjeringen.no (in ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ). Archived from the original on ᱖ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)

[metro_b-6] ᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ "ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱒᱕᱘ ᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ". ssb.no (in ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨᱥᱠ). Archived from the original on ᱒᱓ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗. Retrieved ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)

[7] Aftenposten, 12 October 2014, p. 15.

[osloby-8] "Han har kartlagt Christianias karthistorie". 8 December 2014. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

[snl-9] "Oslo – historie". 3 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

[10] Knut Are Tvedt, red. (2000). «Oslo gate». Oslo byleksikon (4. utg.). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. page. 324. ISBN 82-573-0815-3.

[᱑]

[᱒]

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