ᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ

ᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ
Гарри Каспаров
ᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ; Гарри Каспаров
	2015 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ
ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ	Garry Kimovich Kasparov
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	Soviet Union (before 1992); Russia (after 1992);
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ	᱑᱓ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ (᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ; Baku, ᱟᱡᱮᱨᱵᱟᱭᱡᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱹᱮᱥᱹᱟᱨᱹ, ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱢᱟᱹᱱ	ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱸᱰᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ (1980)
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ	1985–1993 (undisputed); 1993–2000 (classical);
ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	1976–2005; 2016–present (speed chess only);
ᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ	2812 (ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2025)
Peak rating	2851 (July 1999)
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱝᱠᱮᱝ	No. 1 (January 1984)
	ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ)(in Russian) 13 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2011 ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚᱣ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ

ᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱤᱢᱚᱵᱷᱤᱪ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢᱺ ᱜᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱤᱢᱚᱵᱷᱤᱪ ᱣᱮᱱᱥᱴᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱖᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱸᱰᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮ ᱨᱮᱝᱠᱤᱝ ᱒᱘᱕᱑,^[᱒] ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱥᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱝᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕᱕ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ (᱑᱕) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱚᱥᱠᱟᱨ (᱑᱑) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱛᱚᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱵᱷ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱠᱮᱥ ᱰᱚᱢᱢᱟᱨᱟᱡᱩ ᱑᱘ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱖, ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱵᱷ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱫᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ^[᱕]᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱢ. ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱵᱽᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱞᱟᱫᱤᱢᱤᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱢᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ "ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ" ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱹᱥᱤᱹᱮᱹ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱝᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱥᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱳᱪᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱪᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱭᱤ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱤᱰᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱨᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱢᱩᱵᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱞᱟᱫᱤᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ (coalition) ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱥᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱭ" ᱫᱚᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱖]^[᱗]^[᱘] ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱙] ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱐]^[᱑᱑] ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱫᱽᱥᱴᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾.^[᱑᱒]^[᱑᱓]^[᱑᱔]

Here is the translation: ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱟᱨᱚᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ (RDI) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱚᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Baldwin, Alan (12 April 2020). "On this day: Born April 13, 1963; Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
↑ "Who is the Strongest Chess Player?". Bill Wall. Chess.com. 27 October 2008. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
↑ McGourty (Colin_McGourty), Colin (12 December 2024). "18-Year-Old Gukesh Becomes Youngest-Ever Undisputed Chess World Champion". Chess.com (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
↑ Ruslan Ponomariov won the disputed FIDE title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split
↑ "Garry Kasparov | Biography & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
↑ "Putin "heir" on course to win Russia election: poll". Reuters. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
↑ Gessen, Masha (2012). The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. New York: Riverhead Books. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-1-59448-842-9. Gessen describes some of the obstacles Kasparov encountered during the attempt to build his campaign: his chartered plane was refused airport access; hotels were advised not to house him; event attendees and organisers were threatened; secret police were a constant presence; a "total television blackout" was enforced. These measures, Gessen concludes, kept the Kasparov movement from growing.
↑ Demirjian, Karoun (13 September 2014). "Moscow city elections leave little room for Russian opposition". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014."Independent opposition candidates faced many obstacles. In February, Putin signed a law requiring all independent candidates to collect signatures from 3 percent of their constituents. The city didn't finalize the boundaries of the districts – which expanded from 35 to 45 – until April. Then in May, two of the original 'For Moscow' members were slapped with fraud charges, effectively ending their campaigns.[paragraph break] The remaining would-be candidates had a few weeks in the summer to collect approximately 5,000 signatures. It proved an elusive goal for most coalition members."
↑ "Garry Kasparov not returning to Russia out of fear of prosecution". Financial Times. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Incorrigible
↑ Boot, Max (25 April 2018). "The political center is fighting back". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
↑ "Gari Kasparov dobio hrvatsko državljanstvo". Večernji list. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
↑ GARI KASPAROV: 'Vladimir Putin ima previše problema da bi nastavio svoje agresivne politike na području Balkana' Archived ᱒᱒ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine.Nacional, 22 December 2020, # 1183, p. 51.
↑ "Je li se legendarni šahist Gari Kasparov trajno preselio u Podstranu pokraj Splita? U Dalmaciju se 'sklonio' nakon pandemije koronavirusa". Slobodna Dalmacija. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.

[1] Baldwin, Alan (12 April 2020). "On this day: Born April 13, 1963; Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

[2] "Who is the Strongest Chess Player?". Bill Wall. Chess.com. 27 October 2008. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2009.

[3] McGourty (Colin_McGourty), Colin (12 December 2024). "18-Year-Old Gukesh Becomes Youngest-Ever Undisputed Chess World Champion". Chess.com (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 13 December 2024.

[4] Ruslan Ponomariov won the disputed FIDE title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split

[5] "Garry Kasparov | Biography & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

[heir-6] "Putin "heir" on course to win Russia election: poll". Reuters. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2017.

[7] Gessen, Masha (2012). The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. New York: Riverhead Books. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-1-59448-842-9. Gessen describes some of the obstacles Kasparov encountered during the attempt to build his campaign: his chartered plane was refused airport access; hotels were advised not to house him; event attendees and organisers were threatened; secret police were a constant presence; a "total television blackout" was enforced. These measures, Gessen concludes, kept the Kasparov movement from growing.

[8] Demirjian, Karoun (13 September 2014). "Moscow city elections leave little room for Russian opposition". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014."Independent opposition candidates faced many obstacles. In February, Putin signed a law requiring all independent candidates to collect signatures from 3 percent of their constituents. The city didn't finalize the boundaries of the districts – which expanded from 35 to 45 – until April. Then in May, two of the original 'For Moscow' members were slapped with fraud charges, effectively ending their campaigns.[paragraph break] The remaining would-be candidates had a few weeks in the summer to collect approximately 5,000 signatures. It proved an elusive goal for most coalition members."

[ftfear-9] "Garry Kasparov not returning to Russia out of fear of prosecution". Financial Times. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.

[Incorrigible-10] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Incorrigible

[11] Boot, Max (25 April 2018). "The political center is fighting back". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

[vecernjidrz-12] "Gari Kasparov dobio hrvatsko državljanstvo". Večernji list. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.

[13] GARI KASPAROV: 'Vladimir Putin ima previše problema da bi nastavio svoje agresivne politike na području Balkana' Archived ᱒᱒ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine.Nacional, 22 December 2020, # 1183, p. 51.

[slobdalm-14] "Je li se legendarni šahist Gari Kasparov trajno preselio u Podstranu pokraj Splita? U Dalmaciju se 'sklonio' nakon pandemije koronavirusa". Slobodna Dalmacija. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]

[᱙]

[᱑᱐]

[᱑᱑]

[᱑᱒]

[᱑᱓]

[᱑᱔]