ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ
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Date | ᱑᱐/᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱖᱓᱒ (᱑᱘ ᱫᱷᱩ ᱟᱞ-ᱦᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟᱦ) |
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Location | ᱟᱞ-ᱡᱩᱦᱯᱟ, ᱦᱮᱡᱟᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟ |
Type | ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ |
Theme | ᱠᱩᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱦᱞ ᱟᱞ-ᱵᱟᱭᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ, ᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱵᱱ ᱟᱵᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱢ – ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱣᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱸᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ |
Outcome | ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱞ-ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱜᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ, ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ, ᱫᱩ'ᱟ ᱱᱩᱫᱽᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ |
ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: غَدِير خُم) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱴ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱖᱓᱒ ᱥᱤ ᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱫᱤ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: وَادِي, ᱞᱤᱴ. 'ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱤ') ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: غَدِير, ᱞᱤᱴ. 'ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ') ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱞ-ᱡᱩᱦᱯᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱛᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱡᱩᱱ ᱖᱓᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱵᱱ ᱟᱵᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱵᱽ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ: "ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱣᱞᱟ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱧ, ᱟᱞᱤ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱣᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ" (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: من كنت مولاه فهذا على مولاه)᱾ ᱢᱟᱣᱞᱟ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: مولاه) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ 'ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱱ', 'ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ', 'ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ', ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ 'ᱜᱟᱛᱮ', ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱞ-ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱤᱭᱩᱛᱯᱚᱛᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: غَدِير, romanized: ghadir) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱣᱟᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞ-ᱡᱩᱦᱯᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱬᱱᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱛᱤᱨᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ, ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾
ᱠᱷᱩᱢᱢ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ: خُم) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ 'ᱫᱷᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱽ', ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱥᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱩ ᱠᱷᱩᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱩ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱢᱳᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱳᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱳᱛᱨᱳᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱚᱱᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱣᱰᱤᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩ ᱟᱞ-ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱖᱓᱒ ᱥᱤ ᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ (ᱟᱨᱟᱯᱷᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱚᱱᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
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ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]![]() |
ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ Ghadir Khumm ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾. |
Coordinates: 22°49′30″N 39°04′30″E / 22.82500°N 39.07500°E