ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ;
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	ᱟᱵᱩᱜᱤᱫᱟ
ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ	ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ. ᱙᱐᱐-᱑᱓᱐᱐ CE
ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ	ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱥᱤᱱᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱝ ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ; ; ; ; ; ;
ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱼᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱦᱩᱛᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱠᱟᱢᱨᱩᱯᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ
	ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾

ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ^[᱑]^[᱒] ᱥᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱵᱩᱜᱤᱫᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱻᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ (ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ), ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱦᱩᱛᱟ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱩᱦᱞᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱩᱲ (ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱳᱣᱩᱲ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱜᱳᱣᱩᱲ(ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ (ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱱᱮᱹᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ᱾ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱠᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱢᱚᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ, ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱚ-ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱥᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱴᱚᱪᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱠ-ᱵᱟᱢ, ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱠ-ᱵᱟᱢᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾^[᱕]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ^[᱑], ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ (ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱵᱮᱛ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾^[᱖] ᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱷᱤᱛ ᱟᱞᱼᱵᱤᱨᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱫᱮᱥ (ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾^[᱗]

ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ) ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑] ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱵᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱘]

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ^᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ ^᱑.᱓ ^᱑.᱔ ^᱑.᱕ Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3.
↑ Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 9780521299442.
↑ Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (2003). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge. p. 487. ISBN 0-7007-1130-9. Proto-Oriya
↑ Tripāṭhī, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script. Utkal University. p. 32. Retrieved 21 March 2021. Proto-Oriya (The Proto-Bengali script script of Bühler)
↑ Bhattacharyya, Sureshchandra (1969). The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal (phd) (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). ProQuest LLC (2018). pp. 56–58. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029794.
↑ (Bhattacharyya 1969:55)
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
↑ "[T]he phase when the curved tops - so prominent now in many of the Oriya letters - were just appearing, initiating the parting of ways from the proto-[Bengali-Assamese-Maithili] phase. The beginning and progress of this trend can be noticed in many of the Orissa [inscriptions] of the 13th-14th centuries A.D." (Bhattacharyya 1969:56f)

[salomon-1] ᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ ^᱑.᱓ ^᱑.᱔ ^᱑.᱕ Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3.

[masica-2] Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 9780521299442.

[3] Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (2003). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge. p. 487. ISBN 0-7007-1130-9. Proto-Oriya

[4] Tripāṭhī, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script. Utkal University. p. 32. Retrieved 21 March 2021. Proto-Oriya (The Proto-Bengali script script of Bühler)

[5] Bhattacharyya, Sureshchandra (1969). The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal (phd) (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). ProQuest LLC (2018). pp. 56–58. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029794.

[6] (Bhattacharyya 1969:55)

[:0-7] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

[8] "[T]he phase when the curved tops - so prominent now in many of the Oriya letters - were just appearing, initiating the parting of ways from the proto-[Bengali-Assamese-Maithili] phase. The beginning and progress of this trend can be noticed in many of the Orissa [inscriptions] of the 13th-14th centuries A.D." (Bhattacharyya 1969:56f)

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]