ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ

ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ (ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ: علی افشاری‎‎; ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱽᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱝᱛᱷᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱠᱟᱵᱤᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾^[᱑] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱣᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱜᱟᱱ-ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ

᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱠᱟᱵᱤᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱫᱟᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ- ᱛᱟᱦᱠᱤᱢ-ᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱦᱫᱟᱛ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱟᱢᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱟᱢᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱩᱴᱷᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳ-ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱳᱥ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱔᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱩᱴᱷᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱒᱘ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱥ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱚᱴ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱮᱱᱮᱭᱤ, ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱔]^[᱕] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱞ, ᱫᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱢᱚᱠ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱢᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱖]

ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱥᱤ

᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱠᱟᱵᱤᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ (ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱡᱽᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ,^[᱗] ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤ ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱳᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱳ ᱞᱤᱵᱚᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱠᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱤ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱳ-ᱰᱮᱢᱳᱠᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕–᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱳᱨᱤ, ᱤᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱤᱢ ᱟᱥᱜᱷᱟᱨᱡᱟᱫᱮᱦ, ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱳᱨᱤ-ᱨᱟᱫᱽ, ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱳᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱢᱳᱢᱮᱱᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱦᱫᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱳᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱜᱮᱥ ᱢᱳᱦᱟᱢᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱘] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱡᱤᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "جمهوری ایرانی | مسئولین تشکیلات". iranian-republic.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "NED Welcomes Fall 2006 Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows". NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ "Fellowship Program". www.ned.org. 2006-11-30. Archived from the original on 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ "Iran: Further information on Prisoners of Conscience". Amnesty International (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2001-05-21. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ "Stifling Dissent:". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ IHRDC (2011-05-04). "Witness Testimony: Ali Afshari". Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ "BBCPersian.com". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
↑ https://kar-online.com/112089/

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ

[1] "جمهوری ایرانی | مسئولین تشکیلات". iranian-republic.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.^{[permanent dead link]}

[2] "NED Welcomes Fall 2006 Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows". NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[3] "Fellowship Program". www.ned.org. 2006-11-30. Archived from the original on 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[4] "Iran: Further information on Prisoners of Conscience". Amnesty International (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2001-05-21. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[5] "Stifling Dissent:". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[iranhrdc-6] IHRDC (2011-05-04). "Witness Testimony: Ali Afshari". Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[7] "BBCPersian.com". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

[8] ttps://kar-online.com/112089/

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