ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱵᱟᱦᱩᱪᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱐᱖) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟ, ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱵᱮᱱᱜᱟ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱑] ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱨᱮᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱩᱱ, ᱜᱮᱵᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ), ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ-ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ UNESCO ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ "ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱮᱡᱽ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ "ᱱᱰᱳᱠᱤ: ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱓ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱒᱘ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚ, ᱧᱮᱞᱮ, ᱩᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ-ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ 'ᱱᱜᱟᱱᱰᱩ' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱜᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱛᱟᱨᱳ, ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ, ᱛᱟᱹᱦᱩ, ᱠᱚᱸᱰᱦᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱤ, ᱚᱢᱲᱤᱛᱚ, ᱩᱞ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ, ᱠᱩᱭᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱢᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱔]

ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ

ᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ-ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱚᱯᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱭᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱵᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱠᱚᱢᱵᱮᱛᱤ (ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ), ᱛᱩᱢᱟ ( ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱜᱟᱱᱜᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱣ-ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱣᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ

ᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱵᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱰᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱵᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱔᱗% ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱩᱭᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱨ-ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ: ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱤᱛᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱯᱷᱮ (Efé) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ-ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱥᱠᱚᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱨᱳᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱖]

ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ

ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ-ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱢᱦᱟ ᱟᱨᱳᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱤᱥᱞᱤᱭᱩᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱗] ᱢᱳᱨᱳ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱟᱜᱽᱱᱳᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱫᱤᱢᱥ (᱒᱐᱐᱓), ᱤᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱺ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤᱡᱽ (᱑᱙᱙᱕), ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱵᱤᱺ ᱨᱤᱣᱩᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱣᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤᱡᱽ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱺ ᱫᱟ ᱮᱠᱽᱴᱨᱟᱣᱚᱰᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱣᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤᱡᱽ (᱑᱙᱙᱖) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ

᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱮᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱳᱨᱠ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱘]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ "ᱵᱟᱟᱠᱟ" (Baaka) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱠᱟ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
↑ Michael Nichols. "Gallery: Ndoki: The Last Place on Earth". Archived from the original on 2011-01-29. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
↑ Barry Hewlett (1991). Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy Paternal Infant Care.
↑ Johnson ED, Gonzalez JP, Georges A (1993). Filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial Africa.
↑ "Are the men of the African Aka tribe the best fathers in the world?". The Guardian.
↑ AKA (BAYAKA/BaAKA) PEOPLE: AN EGALITARIAN PYGMY SOCIETY WITH THE WORLD BEST DADS.
↑ "Michelle Kisliuk and Justin Mongosso: The BaAka of Central Africa". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
↑ "Song From the Forest: IDFA Review".

[1] ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ "ᱵᱟᱟᱠᱟ" (Baaka) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱠᱟ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[2] Michael Nichols. "Gallery: Ndoki: The Last Place on Earth". Archived from the original on 2011-01-29. Retrieved 2026-03-19.

[hewlett-3] Barry Hewlett (1991). Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy Paternal Infant Care.

[4] Johnson ED, Gonzalez JP, Georges A (1993). Filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial Africa.

[:0-5] "Are the men of the African Aka tribe the best fathers in the world?". The Guardian.

[6] AKA (BAYAKA/BaAKA) PEOPLE: AN EGALITARIAN PYGMY SOCIETY WITH THE WORLD BEST DADS.

[7] "Michelle Kisliuk and Justin Mongosso: The BaAka of Central Africa". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2026-03-19.

[8] "Song From the Forest: IDFA Review".

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