ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ: ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ
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"'''ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ('''ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ'''<..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱛᱟᱣᱠᱚ: ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱳᱭᱮᱵ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ Advanced mobile edit |
No edit summary ᱜᱚᱛᱟᱣᱠᱚ: ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱳᱭᱮᱵ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ Advanced mobile edit |
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| ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱑: | ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱑: | ||
{{Infobox language family |
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|name = Indo-Iranian |
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|altname = Aryan |
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|region = [[South Asia|South]], [[Central Asia|Central]], [[Western Asia]], [[South East Europe]] and the [[Caucasus]] / Total speakers = approximately 1.5 billion in 15 countries |
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|familycolor = Indo-European |
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|protoname = [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] |
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|child1 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |
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|child2 = [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] |
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|child3 = [[Nuristani languages|Nuristani]] |
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|iso5 = iir |
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|glotto=indo1320 |
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|glottorefname= Indo-Iranian |
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|map=Indo-European branches map.svg |
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|mapcaption=The approximate present-day distribution of the Indo-European branches of Eurasia: |
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{{legend|#000080|Indo-Iranian}} |
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|mapsize=300px |
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}} |
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'''ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ('''ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ'''<ref name="Mahulkar1990">{{cite book|author=D. D. Mahulkar|title=Pre-Pāṇinian Linguistic Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsNF-yuHEgYC|year=1990|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-85119-88-5}}</ref><ref name="PuglielliFrascarelli2011">{{cite book|author1=Annarita Puglielli|author2=Mara Frascarelli|title=Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCwJBdGbW-cC|year=2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-022250-0}}</ref>) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ]] ([[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]), [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ([[ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱡᱟ-ᱜᱳᱨᱟᱱᱤ]]) [[ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ]] ([[ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ([[ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤ]]) ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ([[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ([[ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ]]) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱯ]] ([[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]) ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]]), ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ |
'''ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ('''ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ'''<ref name="Mahulkar1990">{{cite book|author=D. D. Mahulkar|title=Pre-Pāṇinian Linguistic Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsNF-yuHEgYC|year=1990|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-85119-88-5}}</ref><ref name="PuglielliFrascarelli2011">{{cite book|author1=Annarita Puglielli|author2=Mara Frascarelli|title=Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCwJBdGbW-cC|year=2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-022250-0}}</ref>) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ]] ([[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]), [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ([[ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱡᱟ-ᱜᱳᱨᱟᱱᱤ]]) [[ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ]] ([[ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ([[ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤ]]) ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ([[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ([[ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ]]) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱯ]] ([[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]) ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]]), ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ |
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[[ᱨᱮᱫ: Indo-European branches map.svg|thumb|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ]] |
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{{legend|#000080|ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ}} |
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᱐᱙:᱐᱔, ᱑᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ
| Indo-Iranian | |
|---|---|
| Aryan | |
| ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ | South, Central, Western Asia, South East Europe and the Caucasus / Total speakers = approximately 1.5 billion in 15 countries |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | Indo-European
|
| ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | Proto-Indo-Iranian |
| ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | |
| ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱕ | iir |
| ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ | indo1320[᱑] |
 The approximate present-day distribution of the Indo-European branches of Eurasia:
Indo-Iranian | |
ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ (ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ[᱒][᱓]) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ), ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ (ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱡᱟ-ᱜᱳᱨᱟᱱᱤ) ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ (ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ (ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ (ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱯ (ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ), ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Indo-Iranian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (help) - ↑ D. D. Mahulkar (1990). Pre-Pāṇinian Linguistic Studies. Northern Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-85119-88-5.
- ↑ Annarita Puglielli; Mara Frascarelli (2011). Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022250-0.