ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ
ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱢᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[1] ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱯ(temperature) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟ(salinity) ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾[2] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ 14,056,000 ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [3] [4]
ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ- ᱵᱟᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱦᱩᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ᱾
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ- ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱣᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱟᱸᱰ, ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱞᱟᱸᱰ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ᱾
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
᱑.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Arctic ᱒.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_the_Arctic ᱓.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Seas
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html
- ↑ http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf
- ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303820-6
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035421/http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/d/drewes_c/Integrating%20Technologies/Oceans%20of%20the%20World.pdf