ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ

ᱠᱚᱞᱜᱚᱝ
ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱞᱜᱚᱝ
ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
	ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱜᱚᱞᱜᱚᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱴᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ
	ᱵᱟᱦᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱗ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱯᱤᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
	ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)
	ᱠᱳᱣᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱴᱥ: 25°16′N 87°13′E / 25.27°N 87.22°ECoordinates: 25°16′N 87°13′E / 25.27°N 87.22°E
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ
ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ	ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱨᱯᱟᱭᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
ᱣᱟᱨᱰ	᱑᱗
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
• ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ
ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ
• ᱜᱩᱴ	297 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (115 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
• ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ	6 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (2 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ	16 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (52 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ)
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ (᱒᱐᱒᱓)
• ᱜᱩᱴ	᱕᱕,᱐᱐᱐
• ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ	190/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (480/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
• ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ	ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
• ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ	ᱩᱨᱫᱩ
• ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ
ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐ (IST)
ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚ	᱘᱑᱓᱒᱐᱓,᱘᱑᱓᱒᱐᱔
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ	BR 10

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱜᱚᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱞᱟᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ (ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱯᱤ) ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱟᱛ (᱑᱔᱙᱔-᱑᱕᱐᱕) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ (ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱔]

ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱴᱟᱣᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱳᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱴᱟᱣᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱥᱴᱟᱣᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱟ

ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ-ᱟᱱᱛᱷᱤᱪᱚᱠ) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱜᱨᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱴᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱤᱯᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ

ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱩᱯᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ

ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱵᱟᱴᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ

ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱵᱟᱴᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ

ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱠᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ.ᱵᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ (ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱠᱤᱪᱨᱤᱡ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ᱯᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱞᱟᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱞᱟᱱᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱯᱟᱞ (ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ: ᱗᱗᱐-᱘᱑᱐ ᱥᱤ ᱤ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱛᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱵᱚᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ

ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱯᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱠᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱯᱤᱯᱤ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱒᱓᱔᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱔ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱒᱑᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱯᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ

ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱ.ᱴᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ (ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱯᱤ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱒᱓᱔᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ, ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ-᱑: ᱘᱔᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ-᱒: ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱱ.ᱴᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱭᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ (ᱞᱟᱞᱢᱟᱛᱤᱭᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱳᱭᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱗᱐% ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱳᱭᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔x᱒᱑᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱓x᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱪ ᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ

ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱚᱠᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ. ᱮᱢ. ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ. ᱴᱟᱨᱱᱚᱨ (ᱨᱚᱠᱥ ᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱜᱚᱝ ᱚᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ) ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱞᱤᱡᱟᱵᱮᱛᱷ ᱞᱟᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱣᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱢ ᱥᱠᱨᱮᱯ ᱵᱩᱠ, ᱑᱘᱓᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ	ᱦᱚᱲ.	±%
1872	᱕,᱒᱓᱙	—
1881	᱕,᱖᱗᱒	+8.3%
1891	᱕,᱑᱔᱕	−9.3%
1901	᱕,᱗᱓᱘	+11.5%
1911	᱔,᱒᱙᱗	−25.1%
1921	᱕,᱔᱑᱓	+26.0%
1931	᱕,᱒᱓᱓	−3.3%
1941	᱖,᱕᱒᱓	+24.7%
1951	᱗,᱕᱑᱕	+15.2%
1961	᱙,᱘᱗᱓	+31.4%
1971	᱑᱐,᱕᱔᱓	+6.8%
1981	᱑᱔,᱐᱓᱐	+33.1%
1991	᱑᱗,᱘᱙᱙	+27.6%
2001	᱒᱒,᱐᱔᱙	+23.2%
2011	᱓᱓,᱗᱐᱐	+52.8%
Source: CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911. VOLUME V^[᱖] District Census Handbook^[᱗]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱓,᱗᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱗,᱙᱕᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕,᱗᱔᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒᱒᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱕.᱔᱙% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱗᱗ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱑᱘ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱒᱒ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱓᱕ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱖.᱘᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑.᱘᱐% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱑.᱖᱔% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱑.᱒᱖% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱓᱑᱕ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐.᱑᱕% ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙.᱖᱔% ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾^[᱘]

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

1 2 "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
↑ Masica, Colin P. (9 September 1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Cambridge University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.
↑ Bose, Ruma (2019-09-23). Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-000-73250-4.
↑ Hussain, Ejaz (2017). Shiraz-i Hind: A History of Jaunpur Sultanate. Manohar. pp. 76–78.
↑ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.
↑ CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911.VOLUME V BIHAR AND ORISSA. PART III (PDF). THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT.1913. TABLE IV. TOWNS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION, WITH VARIATION SINCE 1872-concluded page 15.
↑ District Census Handbook Bhagalpur Part-A (PDF). Bhagalpur: Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar.
↑ "Kahalgaon town Population 2022 - Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy".

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

[langoff-1] 1 2 "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

[2] Masica, Colin P. (9 September 1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Cambridge University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.

[3] Bose, Ruma (2019-09-23). Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-000-73250-4.

[Hussain2017-4] Hussain, Ejaz (2017). Shiraz-i Hind: A History of Jaunpur Sultanate. Manohar. pp. 76–78.

[5] Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.

[bop3-6] CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911.VOLUME V BIHAR AND ORISSA. PART III (PDF). THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT.1913. TABLE IV. TOWNS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION, WITH VARIATION SINCE 1872-concluded page 15.

[dchba-7] District Census Handbook Bhagalpur Part-A (PDF). Bhagalpur: Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar.

[8] "Kahalgaon town Population 2022 - Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy".

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