ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (Karen)
	ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ, ᱑᱙᱑᱒
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
Myanmar	᱓,᱓᱗᱑,᱑᱐᱐
Thailand	᱓᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱐)
United States	᱒᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐
Australia	᱑᱓,᱑᱑᱓
Canada	᱖,᱐᱕᱐
India (ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ)	᱒,᱕᱐᱐
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
	ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ, ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟ-ᱳ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ, ᱤᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖.᱖᱙% ᱾^[᱑] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱗]

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱘]

᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱛᱷᱩᱞᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱟᱝ ᱾^[᱙] "ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱘] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱟᱱᱭᱟᱱ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: 'ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ' , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ "ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱨ 'ᱵᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ' , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱑᱐]

ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ "ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ:^[᱑᱑]

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ)
ᱥᱜᱟᱣ (ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ)
ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ)
ᱜᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩ)
ᱯᱟ-ᱞᱮ-ᱪᱤ, ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱽᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱢᱳᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱥᱟᱨᱯᱤᱭᱩ)
ᱛᱟ-ᱞᱟᱭ-ᱯᱣᱟ,ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱮᱵᱽᱣᱟ
ᱵᱽᱣᱮ (ᱵᱽᱣᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ)
ᱢᱳᱱᱱᱮᱯᱣᱟ
ᱢᱳᱱᱯᱣᱟ
ᱯᱟᱠᱩ

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ

ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱑᱒] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ), ᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱭᱮᱭᱟᱨᱣᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱵᱟᱜᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ-ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱓]

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱗᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ) ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱟᱱᱰᱤᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱔]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱵᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱵᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱕]

ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱱᱩᱠ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱱᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱩᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱥᱤᱹᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱖]

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱥᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱳ ᱾^[᱑᱗] ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱛᱟ-ᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱛᱟ-ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱚ-ᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱱ-ᱠᱷᱚᱢᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱘] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱱ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ (ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱕-᱓᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱑᱙]^[᱒᱐] ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱟ (ᱡᱤᱣᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱙] ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱠᱚᱞᱟ' ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱠᱤᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ 'ᱠᱚᱞᱟ' ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱑]

ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖᱕% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱒᱒] ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ, ᱵᱟᱜᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱓]

᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱳ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱣᱮᱜᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱮᱫᱟᱜᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱒] ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱒] ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱨᱮᱭᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱒]

ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱚᱢᱢᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱮᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ) ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱡᱳᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐% ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ^[᱒᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐% ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱒᱕] ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱐]

ᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱭᱩ,ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱰ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱛᱤᱥᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱥᱴᱟᱱᱴ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱥᱴᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱷ-ᱰᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾^[᱒᱖]

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ" ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱗]

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱦᱞᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱘] ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱭᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱷ-ᱰᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱾

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒᱙]

ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ "ᱰᱳᱱ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ "ᱰᱳᱱ ᱠᱳ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱓᱐]

ᱥᱮ ᱠᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱢᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾^[᱓᱑]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ispmyanmar
↑ International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand. 28 July 2011.
↑ "Jobs and housing lure karen refugees to spread across minnesota".
↑ "SBS Australian Census Explorer".
↑ "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada".
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Maiti
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2
1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cheesman
↑ Buadaeng, Kwanchewan (2022), "4. Ethnic Identities of the Karen Peoples in Burma and Thailand", Identity Matters
↑ Harriden, Jessica (2002). "Making a Name for Themselves: Karen Identity and Politicization of Ethnicity in Burma". Journal of Burma Studies.
↑ "Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups".
↑ "Kayin". Myanmar.com.
↑ Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life. Gale. ISBN 978-1-4144-4882-4.
↑ Thawnghmung, Ardeth Maung. The "Other" Karen in Myanmar: Ethnic Minorities and the Struggle without Arms. p. 84.
↑ Zhang; et al. (2019). "Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic". Nature.
↑ Richard M. Cooler (1995). The Karen Bronze Drums of Burma. p. 26.
↑ "The Sino-Tibetan Language Family".
↑ Matisoff, James A. "Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
1 2 "The Karen People". Karen Culture and Social Support Foundation. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
1 2 "Karen". Minority Rights Group.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Keenan
1 2 3 4 Hayami, Yoko (2011). "Pagodas and Prophets: Contesting Sacred Space and Power among Buddhist Karen in Karen State". The Journal of Asian Studies.
↑ Andersen, Kirsten Ewers. "Elements of Pwo Karen Buddhism".
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
↑ "Karen people". Archived from the original on 2012-01-28. Retrieved 2026-03-26.
↑ "Karen Seventh-day Adventist Church Website". Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2026-03-26.
↑ Kaloyanides, Alexandra (2023). Baptizing Burma: Religious Change in the Last Buddhist Kingdom. p. 24.
↑ "Pwo karen Theological Seminary". Archived from the original on 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2026-03-26.
↑ Ekachai, Sanitsuda. "Karen fight to keep farms in parks conflict". Bangkok Post.
↑ "Arts". www.mnkaren.org. Karen Organization of Minnesota. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ "World Refugee Day – a time to celebrate". San Diego Union-Tribune.

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

Marshall, Harry Ignatius (1922). The Karen People of Burma. White Lotus.
Phan, Zoya (2009). Little Daughter: a Memoir of Survival in Burma and the West. Simon & Schuster.
Thawngmung, Ardeth Maung (2012). The 'Other' Karen in Myanmar. Lexington Books.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnic groups in Thailand

[ispmyanmar-1] 1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ispmyanmar

[CERD/C/THA/1-3-2] International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand. 28 July 2011.

[3] "Jobs and housing lure karen refugees to spread across minnesota".

[4] "SBS Australian Census Explorer".

[2021_census-5] "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada".

[Maiti-6] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Maiti

[:2-7] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2

[cheesman-8] 1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cheesman

[:3-9] Buadaeng, Kwanchewan (2022), "4. Ethnic Identities of the Karen Peoples in Burma and Thailand", Identity Matters

[harriden-10] Harriden, Jessica (2002). "Making a Name for Themselves: Karen Identity and Politicization of Ethnicity in Burma". Journal of Burma Studies.

[11] "Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups".

[12] "Kayin". Myanmar.com.

[13] Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life. Gale. ISBN 978-1-4144-4882-4.

[14] Thawnghmung, Ardeth Maung. The "Other" Karen in Myanmar: Ethnic Minorities and the Struggle without Arms. p. 84.

[15] Zhang; et al. (2019). "Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic". Nature.

[16] Richard M. Cooler (1995). The Karen Bronze Drums of Burma. p. 26.

[17] "The Sino-Tibetan Language Family".

[18] Matisoff, James A. "Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[kbddf-19] 1 2 "The Karen People". Karen Culture and Social Support Foundation. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

[auto-20] 1 2 "Karen". Minority Rights Group.

[Keenan-21] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Keenan

[hayami-22] 1 2 3 4 Hayami, Yoko (2011). "Pagodas and Prophets: Contesting Sacred Space and Power among Buddhist Karen in Karen State". The Journal of Asian Studies.

[23] Andersen, Kirsten Ewers. "Elements of Pwo Karen Buddhism".

[:0-24] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

[25] "Karen people". Archived from the original on 2012-01-28. Retrieved 2026-03-26.

[26] "Karen Seventh-day Adventist Church Website". Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2026-03-26.

[27] Kaloyanides, Alexandra (2023). Baptizing Burma: Religious Change in the Last Buddhist Kingdom. p. 24.

[28] "Pwo karen Theological Seminary". Archived from the original on 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2026-03-26.

[29] Ekachai, Sanitsuda. "Karen fight to keep farms in parks conflict". Bangkok Post.

[30] "Arts". www.mnkaren.org. Karen Organization of Minnesota. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

[31] "World Refugee Day – a time to celebrate". San Diego Union-Tribune.

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v t e Ethnic groups in Myanmar
Kachin (12)	Jingpaw Dalaung Gauri Hkahku Duleng Maru (Lawgore) Hpon Lashi (La Chit) ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Interlanguage link Lisu Rawang Taron Ngochang
Kayah (9)	Kayah (Karenni) Pale Zayein Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung) Manu Manaw Gheko Yin Talai Yin Baw Kayinpyu (Geba Karen)
Kayin (Karen) (11)	Pa-Le-Chi Mon Kayin (Sarpyu) S'gaw Ta-Hlay-Pwa Paku Bwe Monpwa Monnepwa Shu (Pwo)
Chin (53)	Anu Anun Asho Awa Khami Bre (Ka-Yaw) Cumtu Dai (Yindu) Dim Eik-swair Gunte (Lyente) Guite Haulngo Mizo Kaung Saing Chin Kaungso Kebar Khawno Kwangli (Sim) Kwelshin Kwe Myi Lai (Haka Chin) Laizao Lawhtu Laymyo Lhinbu Lyente Magun Malin Marma Matu Meithei (Kathe) Mgan Mi-er Naga Ngorn Oo-Pu Panun Rongtu Saing Zan Saline Sentang Tanghkul Tapong Tay-Zan Thado Tiddim (Hai-Dim) Torr (Tawr) Wakim (Mro) Yin Gog Za-How Zahnyet (Zanniet) Zizan Zou Zo-Pe Zotung
Bamar (Burman) (9)	Dawei Beik Yaw Yabein Kadu (Kado) Ganan Hpon
Mon (1)	Mon
Rakhine (Arakanese) (7)	Kamein (Kaman) Khami Daingnet Maramagyi Miram (Mara) Mro (Wakim) Taung Mro Thet
Shan (33)	Danaw (Danau) Danu Intha Pa-O Khamti Shan Khmu (Khamu) Kwi Kokang Lahu Palaung Shan Gale Shan Gyi Tai-Loi Tai-Lem Tai-Lon Tai-Lay Taishon Taungyo Wa (Va) Yao Yin Kya Yin Net Yun Man Zi Pyin Eng Son Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw) Maw Shan Maingtha Hkun (Khün)
Unrecognised / Others	Anglo-Burmese Chinese Panthay Gurkha Indian Tamils Rohingya Malay Pakistani