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ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ
कृष्ण कान्त
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱒᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ – ᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱒
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ. ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱚᱱ
ᱚᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱢ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱞ
ᱚᱴᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱯᱮᱭᱤ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ. ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱚᱱ
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣᱚᱛ
ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱒᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ – ᱒᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱗
ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱢᱩᱛᱷᱩᱣᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱢᱟᱨᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱯᱷᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱵᱤ
ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ – ᱒᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱙᱗
ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱢᱟᱨᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ
ᱮᱱ. ᱡᱚᱱᱟᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ
ᱠᱳᱴᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ
ᱮᱱ. ᱴᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱣ
ᱮᱱ. ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱟᱵᱩ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽᱵᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱤ. ᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚᱨᱟᱡᱚᱱ
ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱑᱙᱗᱗ – ᱑᱙᱘᱐
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱚᱢᱚᱨᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨ
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱣᱥᱟᱞ
ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱑᱙᱖᱖ – ᱑᱙᱗᱗
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱒᱗(1927-02-28)
ᱠᱳᱴ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, Punjab Province, ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ
ᱜᱩᱨ᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ (᱗᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ)
ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ (1988–2002)
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ
ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ
ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ (᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ)
ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (᱑᱙᱗᱗-᱑᱙᱘᱘)
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫᱥᱩᱢᱚᱱ
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱫᱤᱵᱽᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱯᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱰᱟ, ᱨᱚᱥᱢᱤᱠᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱞᱤ
ᱜᱳ/ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱚᱪᱤᱸᱛ ᱨᱟᱢ
ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟIndian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱥᱩᱦᱤ

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱛ (᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ - ᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ [] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ []

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ, ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, [] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [] ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ [] ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ []

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱢᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ []ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱚᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ [] ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ []ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱛᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ []ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱞᱟᱞᱟ ᱚᱧᱪᱤᱛ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [] ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ (᱑᱖ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[] ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱞᱟ ᱚᱧᱪᱤᱛ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱳᱲ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ []

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ [] ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ []

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[][][] ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ []

ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ []

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ,[] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ []

ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
Swearing-in-Ceremony of the Vice President of India, Shri Krishan Kant at the Ashok Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan

᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱭᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱸᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱛᱚᱝᱠᱚᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱛᱚᱝᱠᱚᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱑᱐]

᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [] ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱚᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱭᱚᱨᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ.ᱯᱤ.ᱡᱮ. ᱚᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ [] ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ []

A 2005 India Post stamp featuring Kant

᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱥ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱕ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑][᱑᱒] ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾[᱑᱓]

  1. ᱑.᱐᱐ ᱑.᱐᱑ ᱑.᱐᱒ ᱑.᱐᱓ ᱑.᱐᱔ ᱑.᱐᱕ ᱑.᱐᱖ ᱑.᱐᱗ ᱑.᱐᱘ ᱑.᱐᱙ Inder Malhotra (29 July 2002). "Obituary: Krishan Kant, India's vice-president, who was determined to reform the nation's electoral laws and block political cupidity". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023.
  2. ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ ᱒.᱒ ᱒.᱓ ᱒.᱔ ᱒.᱕ ᱒.᱖ ᱒.᱗ ᱒.᱘ Purnima S. Tripathi (3 August 2002). "Obituary: A democrat and a radical". Frontline. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022.
  3. ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ "Congress for Kalam, Left still for contest". The Hindu. June 14, 2002. Archived from the original on September 22, 2002. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
  4. "Former Vice President: Sh. Krishan Kant". Vice President of India. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023.
  5. "'Let him become the vice-president, he will take care of our problems'". Rediff. 2 August 1997. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  6. ᱖.᱐ ᱖.᱑ ᱖.᱒ "India's oldest freedom fighter dies at 105". Times of India. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 31 October 2010.
  7. ᱗.᱐ ᱗.᱑ Amy Waldman (28 July 2002). "Krishan Kant, 75, Vice President Of India and Advocate of Rights". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018.
  8. "India's vice president fought against British rule". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 29 July 2002. p. 24. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  9. Namita Bhandare (11 August 1997). "Andhra Pradesh Governor Krishan Kant's election as next vice-president becomes certain". India Today. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023.
  10. "How 2001 Parliament attack unfolded and what followed". Deccan Herald. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  11. "Vice-President Krishan Kant dies of massive heart attack". The Economic Times. 27 July 2002. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022.
  12. "Indian VP Krishan Kant dies of heart attack". Tampa Bay Times. 3 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020.
  13. Syed Amin Jafri (27 July 2002). "Krishan Kant is first vice-president to die in office". Rediff News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023.
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ
ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
Kumudben Manishankar Joshi
Governor of Andhra Pradesh
1990–1997
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
G. Ramanujam
ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
Marri Chenna Reddy
Governor of Tamil Nadu
1996–1997
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
Fatima Beevi
ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
K. R. Narayanan
Vice-President of India
1997–2002
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat