ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ | |
|---|---|
| Gemehaq gipan[᱑] | |
| ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | kgg |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱜᱚᱱᱰᱚᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱞᱩᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | ᱒᱕᱓ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ (᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ) |
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
| ISO 639-3 | kgg |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | kusu1250[᱒] |
 ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ: (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ) ᱫᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱣᱴᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ (ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴ ᱟᱥᱟᱲᱮ) ᱞᱩᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ; (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ) ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱰᱚᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ | |
ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱟᱱᱰᱟ (ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ Gemehaq gipan [᱑]) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ (language isolate) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ-ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱤ,[᱓] ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾[᱔] ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱕]
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ (isolate) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ— ᱜᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ, ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ— ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱷᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗ ᱥᱮ ᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (moribund), ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱢᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱖] ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱜᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ-ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾[᱗] ᱩᱫᱚᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ 'Kusunda Tribe and Dictionary' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾[᱘]
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ. ᱣᱟᱴᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ (language isolate) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱥᱟᱥᱠᱤ, ᱱᱤᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱰᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱢᱳᱱᱤᱠ (harmonic) ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
| ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ | ᱞᱟᱦᱟ | ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ | i | u | |
| ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ | e | ə | o |
| ᱡᱷᱤᱡ | a |
ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱨ (uvular) ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱟᱲᱟᱝ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱠ (cases) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ (nominative), ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ (genitive) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱭᱩᱡᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ (accusative)᱾
| ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ | ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ | ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ | ᱮᱠᱭᱩᱡᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ᱑ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ | tsi | tsi, tsi-yi | tən-da |
| ᱑ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ | tok | tig-i | (toʔ-da) |
| ᱒ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ | nu | nu, ni-yi | nən-da |
| ᱒ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ | nok | nig-i | (noʔ-da) |
ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ (Negation)
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱰᱳᱱᱳᱦᱩᱣᱮ, ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱠᱷᱨᱮᱞ (᱒᱐᱑᱔) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱠᱨᱤᱴ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ "-u" ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠᱥ (suffix) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (irrealis mood) ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ (Proto-Kusunda) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ:
- ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱝ (Bone): *g-u-hu
- ᱢᱮᱫ (Eye): *i-niN
- ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱝ (Tongue): *u-dziŋ
- ᱰᱟᱴᱟ (Tooth): *u-hu
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- 1 2 3 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Watters". - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Kusunda". ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Bhattarai, Sewa (2023-05-13). "The last of the Kusunda". nepalitimes.com.
- ↑ McDougall, Eileen. "The language that doesn't use 'no'". www.bbc.com.
- ↑ "caste-ethnicity-report". censusnepal.cbs.gov.np.
- ↑ "Rajamama, lone Kusunda language speaker, dies".
- ↑ Aaley, Uday Raj (2019). New data on Kusunda (Report). doi:10.17613/1zy2-k376.
- ↑ "Book that traces Kusunda tribe's history hits shelves".
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- Watters, David E. (2005): Kusunda: a typological isolate in South Asia.
- Donohue, Mark & Raj Gautam, Bhoj (2013): Evidence and stance in Kusunda.