ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞ

Kol Uprising
Kol Uprising
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ	᱑᱘᱓᱑–᱑᱘᱓᱒
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ; 22°50′N 85°40′E / 22.833°N 85.667°ECoordinates: 22°50′N 85°40′E / 22.833°N 85.667°E
ᱡᱚᱥ	ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ
ᱚᱨᱡᱚ	ᱟᱛᱢᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ
ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ
ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ	ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ	ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
	ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞ (Kol uprising), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱳᱦᱚ (Kol mutiny) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱓᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱓᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾^{[ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]}

ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ, ᱩᱨᱟᱶ, ᱦᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾^[᱒] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱓] ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱣᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ (Thomas Wilkinson) ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱔]^[᱕]

ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ

᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ (᱑᱗᱔᱘–᱑᱗᱖᱒) ᱵᱩᱱᱰᱩ, ᱥᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱮ, ᱨᱟᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ (overlord) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱖] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ) ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱔] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴ (Political Agent) ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ-ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱵᱷᱨᱚᱥᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱔]^[᱗]^[᱘]^[᱙]^[᱑᱐]

ᱦᱩᱞ

ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱮᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾^[᱕] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱡᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ (ᱟᱵᱽᱣᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱢᱤ) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱩᱯᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱴ, ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱩᱞᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱕] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱽ (ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱠᱩ (ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱰᱟᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱱ (ᱵᱮᱼᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱠᱩ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱦᱮ, ᱵᱩᱱᱰᱩ, ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱔] ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑᱑] ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱚᱡᱽᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱨᱡᱩ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱡᱩ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱑᱒] ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱠᱟᱹᱭᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ (EIC) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱛ, ᱡᱳᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱛ, ᱡᱷᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ—ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ—ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (forced labour), ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱨᱳ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱒] ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱨᱤᱞᱟ (guerrilla) ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱑᱓] ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱓] ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱣᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑᱑] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱓᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱣᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱞᱟᱜᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱱᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ (ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱣᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ (ᱦᱳ) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱤ, ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱣᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ' (Baraik) ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱨᱟᱦᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱓᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ᱾^[᱔]

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ

ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾^[᱔]

ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ "ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ" ᱟᱨ "ᱥᱫᱷᱟ-ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱣᱟᱱ" (half-savage mentality) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱔]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Kumar, Anil (2001). [[suspicious link removed] "An Unknown Chapter of Kol-Insurrection"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 62: 621–626. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44155808. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)
1 2 Shri Jagdish Chandra Jha (1958). [[suspicious link removed] "The KOL RISINGS OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-1833)-ITS CAUSES"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. JSTOR. 21: 440–446. JSTOR 44145239. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)
1 2 Anil Kumar (2001). [[suspicious link removed] "An Unknown Chapter of Kol-Insurrection"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. JSTOR. 62: 621–626. JSTOR 44155808. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sarat Chandra Roy. "Munda and their country". Retrieved 22 October 2022.
1 2 3 Ansari, Tahir Hussain (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Routledge. ISBN 9781000651522.
↑ Ansari, Tahir Hussain (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Routledge. ISBN 9781000651522.
↑ Jha, Jagdish Chandra (1958). "The Kol rising of Chotanagpur (1831-33)-its causes". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 21: 440–446. JSTOR 44145239.
↑ Priyadarshi, Ashok (2011). "Tribal rebellions in north Orissa: a study on Kol uprising of Mayurbhanj State (1821-1836)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 71: 696–705. JSTOR 44147538.
↑ Sharma, K.L. (1976). "Jharkhand Movement in Bihar". Economic and Political Weekly. 11: 37–43. JSTOR 436431.
↑ Griffiths, Walter G. (1946). The Kol Tribe of Central India. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.
1 2 "Nagpuri Shist Sahitya". Retrieved 26 September 2022.
↑ [[suspicious link removed] "1100 years old Maa Mahamaya Temple is located in Gumla district, know what is the story behind its establishment"]. newsncr. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
↑ Sunil Sen, Peasant Movement in India, pg.7

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

Jha, Jagdish Chandra (1964). The Kol Insurrection of Chota-Nagpur (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Thacker, Spink. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[1] Kumar, Anil (2001). [[suspicious link removed] "An Unknown Chapter of Kol-Insurrection"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 62: 621–626. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44155808. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)

[The_KOL_RISINGS_OF_CHOTANAGPUR_(1831-1833)-2] 1 2 Shri Jagdish Chandra Jha (1958). [[suspicious link removed] "The KOL RISINGS OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-1833)-ITS CAUSES"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. JSTOR. 21: 440–446. JSTOR 44145239. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)

[A_UNKNOWN_CHAPTER_OF_KOL_INSERRECTION-3] 1 2 Anil Kumar (2001). [[suspicious link removed] "An Unknown Chapter of Kol-Insurrection"]. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. JSTOR. 62: 621–626. JSTOR 44155808. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)

[archive.org-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sarat Chandra Roy. "Munda and their country". Retrieved 22 October 2022.

[auto-5] 1 2 3 Ansari, Tahir Hussain (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Routledge. ISBN 9781000651522.

[6] Ansari, Tahir Hussain (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Routledge. ISBN 9781000651522.

[7] Jha, Jagdish Chandra (1958). "The Kol rising of Chotanagpur (1831-33)-its causes". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 21: 440–446. JSTOR 44145239.

[8] Priyadarshi, Ashok (2011). "Tribal rebellions in north Orissa: a study on Kol uprising of Mayurbhanj State (1821-1836)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 71: 696–705. JSTOR 44147538.

[9] Sharma, K.L. (1976). "Jharkhand Movement in Bihar". Economic and Political Weekly. 11: 37–43. JSTOR 436431.

[10] Griffiths, Walter G. (1946). The Kol Tribe of Central India. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.

[Nagpuri_Shist_Sahitya-11] 1 2 "Nagpuri Shist Sahitya". Retrieved 26 September 2022.

[12] [[suspicious link removed] "1100 years old Maa Mahamaya Temple is located in Gumla district, know what is the story behind its establishment"]. newsncr. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)

[13] Sunil Sen, Peasant Movement in India, pg.7

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]

[᱙]

[᱑᱐]

[᱑᱑]

[᱑᱒]

[᱑᱓]

ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ
ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ
ᱪᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱗᱖᱖–᱑᱘᱓᱔) ᱑᱗᱘᱑ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱗᱘᱑) ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱑᱗–᱑᱘᱑᱘) ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱓᱑–᱑᱘᱓᱒) ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱕᱕–᱑᱘᱕᱖) ᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱗–᱑᱘᱕᱘)
ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ
᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱗᱙–᱑᱘᱘᱐) ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱘᱙᱐-᱑᱘᱙᱖) ᱟᱝᱞᱳ-ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ (᱑᱘᱙᱑) ᱟᱝᱞᱳ-ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ (᱑᱙᱑᱗–᱑᱙᱑᱙) ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱙᱒᱑–᱑᱙᱒᱒) ᱑᱙᱒᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ (᱑᱙᱒᱒–᱑᱙᱒᱔) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱳᱦᱚ (᱑᱙᱔᱖)
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