ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ
| Corundum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Oxide mineral – Hematite group |
| Formula | Al2O3 |
| IMA symbol | Crn[᱑] |
| Strunz classification | 4.CB.05 |
| Dana classification | 4.3.1.1 |
| Crystal system | Trigonal |
| Crystal class | Hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) H-M symbol: (3 2/m) |
| Space group | R3c (No. 167) |
| Unit cell | a = 4.75 Å, c = 12.982 Å; Z = 6 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, gray, golden-brown, brown; purple, pink to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet; may be color zoned, asteriated mainly grey and brown |
| Crystal habit | Steep bipyramidal, tabular, prismatic, rhombohedral crystals, massive or granular |
| Twinning | Polysynthetic twinning common |
| Cleavage | None – parting in 3 directions |
| Fracture | Conchoidal to uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 9 (defining mineral)[᱒] |
| Luster | Adamantine to vitreous |
| Streak | Colorless |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent, translucent to opaque |
| Specific gravity | 3.95–4.10 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (−) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.767–1.772 nε = 1.759–1.763 |
| Pleochroism | None |
| Melting point | 2,044 °C (3,711 °F) |
| Fusibility | Infusible |
| Solubility | Insoluble |
| Alters to | May alter to mica on surfaces causing a decrease in hardness |
| Other characteristics | May fluoresce or phosphoresce under UV light |
| References | [᱓][᱔][᱕][᱖] |
| Major varieties | |
| Sapphire | Any color except red |
| Ruby | Red |
| Emery | Black granular corundum intimately mixed with magnetite, hematite, or hercynite |
ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱮᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱮᱠᱥᱟᱭᱰ (Al᱒O᱓) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱚᱱ, ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱠᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱪ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱚᱥᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱡᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱜᱳᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱨᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱯᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱵᱤᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ, ᱯᱮᱰᱯᱟᱨᱟᱰᱥᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱦᱟᱭᱤᱨ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱞᱤᱯᱼ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱾
'ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱱᱫᱚᱢ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱼᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱚᱢ (ᱨᱩᱵᱤᱼᱥᱟᱯᱷᱤᱨ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱱᱮᱥ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ (ᱱᱤᱨ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱥ ᱥᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱙ᱹ᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱨᱟᱹᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱹᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ᱮᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱾, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱨᱫᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱ, ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱨᱚᱡᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱜᱮᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱴ, ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱴᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱤᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔]
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱᱥᱚᱛᱤ ᱔ᱹ᱐᱒ ᱜᱨᱮᱹ/(᱒᱕᱑ ᱞᱮᱹᱵ/ᱠᱩᱭᱤᱴᱯᱷᱚᱴ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚᱢᱼᱚᱛᱳᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱡᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱥ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱥᱠᱟᱤᱥ, ᱜᱽᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱢᱚᱨᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱷᱮᱞᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱢᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱩᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱭᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱜᱢᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱨᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱕ ᱥᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ × ᱔᱐ ᱥᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ × ᱔᱐ ᱥᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ (᱒᱖ ᱤᱱᱪ × ᱑᱖ ᱤᱱᱪ × ᱑᱖ ᱤᱱᱪ) ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ (᱓᱓᱕ ᱯᱤᱹᱵᱤᱹ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱛᱷᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ।
ᱡᱤᱢᱵᱟᱵᱮ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱯᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ, ᱨᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱟᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱨᱟᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱩᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱜᱚᱢᱩᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱯᱷᱮᱞᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱾ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱳᱥ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱣᱚᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱠᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱮᱨᱤᱼᱜᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱵᱚᱨᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱛᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱚᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱭᱟᱝᱡᱩ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱱᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱱᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱛᱷᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱠᱳ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ↑ "Mohs' scale of hardness". Collector's corner. Mineralogical Society of America. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ↑ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1997). "Corundum". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Vol. III Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 0962209724. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-09-05.
- 1 2 "Corundum". Mindat.org.
- ↑ "Corundum". Webmineral.com. Archived from the original on 25 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2006.
- ↑ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985). Manual of Mineralogy (20th ed.). Wiley. pp. 300–302. ISBN 0-471-80580-7.