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ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ
ᱟᱹᱛᱩ
Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Location_map at line 526: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/India Himachal Pradesh" does not exist.
ᱠᱳᱣᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱴᱥ: 32°03′46″N 77°15′38″E / 32.06278°N 77.26056°E / 32.06278; 77.26056Coordinates: 32°03′46″N 77°15′38″E / 32.06278°N 77.26056°E / 32.06278; 77.26056
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ India
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
 (ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱗[᱑])
 • ᱜᱩᱴ
᱔,᱗᱐᱐
ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤᱥ,[᱒] ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ[᱓]
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
 • ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
 • ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱞᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ traditional[᱔]
ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+5:30 (IST)

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱠᱤᱠᱳᱣᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱣ ᱴᱤᱵᱽᱵᱟ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 2,652 metres (8,701 ft) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱣᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ Malana: Globalization of a Himalayan Village[᱕] ᱟᱨ Malana, A Lost Identity[᱖]᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ/ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ (᱕᱖᱓) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱩᱬ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱗]᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ₹᱒,᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ₹᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱰᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱢᱩᱜᱼᱟ[᱒]᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱ-ᱫᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ "ᱯᱚᱵᱤᱛᱨᱚᱛᱟ" ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟ tight ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ[᱓]᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

local ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ rishi ( we support/ ᱨᱤ context) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ Local ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ-ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ (democracies) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ 'ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ' (Deity) ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱟᱥᱛᱟ (parliamentary system) ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ[᱘]᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ standard ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ (pre-Aryan) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚ direct ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ G. M. Young ᱟᱨ Penelope Chetwood ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥ Brahmin ᱱᱟ structure ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ local ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ[᱙][᱑᱐]᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱝ Western Himalayas ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ anti frame ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟ an ᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ local ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱫᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ (Jamadagni Rishi) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ practice ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱵᱳᱱ (Bon) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟ coordinate ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱟ ᱵᱟ (cultural bridge) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱭᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ Kullu, Ladakh, Tibet ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ— ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ, ᱡᱟᱭᱢᱳ, ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱫᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱬᱩᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ (consort) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦौल ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱷᱮᱯᱟᱱ (Raja Ghepan), ᱵᱳᱱᱟᱞᱤ (ᱦᱤᱰᱤᱢᱵᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱞᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱢᱯᱴᱟ ᱚ an ᱪᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ 'Jetha Hampta- Kona Malana', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱯᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱯᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱥᱟ coordinate ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱪ/ᱴᱩᱯᱨᱤ (basket) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱯᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚ an ᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ('Tharah Kardu')᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ' (oldest democracies) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱑᱑][᱑᱒]᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ (Alexander the Great) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚ an ᱥᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟ injection/ ᱪᱚᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [᱑᱓] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟ deep ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮ computer ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚ b ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱚ ᱦᱩ an ᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ[᱑᱔]᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟ ᱢ ᱞᱩ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟ structure ᱫᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ we/ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱟ n ᱜᱮᱥᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ an ᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ[᱑]᱾

ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ plan ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱣᱟᱥᱛᱟ (judiciary system) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ product ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ (bicameral parliament) ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ (lower house) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱤᱥᱴᱷᱟᱝ (Kanishthang) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ (upper house) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱮᱥᱴᱷᱟᱝ (Jayeshthang) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱑]᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱯᱚ n ᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ (Bhagi Ram) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ[᱑]᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ/ ᱨᱟᱠᱥ (Kanashi/Raksh) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ[᱑᱕], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ n ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟ deep ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟ special ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ[᱑᱖]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ (Tibetan-Burmese) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟ touch ᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱑᱗]᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱱᱚ ᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ n ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟ soft ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟ center ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱑᱗]᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Economy) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟ/ ᱜᱟ inter (hemp) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱪ/ᱴᱩᱯᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱦᱤ (slippers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ[᱑]᱾ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ[᱑᱘]᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ recreational drug tourism ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ[᱑]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚ white (maize) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ[᱑]᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱟ ᱲᱟ ᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ (tourism) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ location ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ( गणतंत्र) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ[᱑᱙]᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ Pahari ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ layout/ ᱨᱩᱯ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ (Jamlu Devta)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ (village council) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱡᱚᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ n ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱᱥ (Athens of the Himalayas) ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱒᱐]᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ( oracle) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱟ/ ᱠᱚ ᱟ optical ᱟᱭᱟ[᱑]᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱫᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱳᱦᱤᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ (tale of the Brahmin priest)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ G. M. Young ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱟ n ᱭᱚᱠ ( ᱯᱚ n ᱰᱤᱛ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚ b ᱥᱚ ( Jamadagni) ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚ ᱵᱚ an ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ('Ra Deo') ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚ an ᱜᱟ- ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚ system ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ/ focus ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ[᱙]᱾

ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ- ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ(The Akbar-Jamlu legend)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ G.M. Young ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱴ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱵᱚ point ᱜᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩᱱ (Phaggan) ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ᱾ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱥᱟ dangerous/ strict ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ (tax) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ an ᱪᱷᱤ align ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱮ ᱟᱹ see/ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟ an ᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱮ composite ( ᱠᱩᱥᱴᱷᱚ ᱨᱳᱜᱽ/ leprosy) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ[᱙]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮ composite ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚ point ᱜᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱟ positioning ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ code ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟ direct/ sacred ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ( ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ, ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱫᱳᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮ disease ᱵᱮᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ[᱙]᱾

ᱦᱮᱞᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ (Hellenic connection)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ (Alexander) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚ precise ᱥᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟ discrete ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ n ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱱᱟ core ᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ[᱓]᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ (genetic) ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ (Y-DNA haplotypes J2 ᱟᱨ R1a) ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ sequence ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ( Indo-Aryan) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟ direct ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢᱟ[᱑᱙]᱾

ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ (Temples)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚ internal ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ ᱴᱷ ᱠᱩᱱᱤ (Kathkuni) ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱩ ᱵᱚ standard ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ[᱑᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱠᱢᱤᱬᱤ ᱵᱚ complex ᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ (Malana Cream)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ "ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ" ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (cannabis plants) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ[᱒᱑][᱑]᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ/ primary ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱥ (hash) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱒᱒]᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟ touch ᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤ-ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ/ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ[᱒᱓]᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bisht, Gaurav (July 11, 2017). "'Deity orders' closure of joints, guest houses at Malana village famous for hash". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017.
  2. 1 2 "Why tourists are not allowed to touch anything in this Kasol village". Times of India. 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  3. 1 2 3 Chakraborty, Mehk (2018-08-21). "Malana: A Himalayan village shrouded in myth". BBC. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  4. ↑ "Language and dialect of Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). Literary Herald.
  5. ↑ Malana: Globalization of a Himalayan Village, 2010 Archived ᱒᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ "Documentary Film makers & Film Productions. Watch Documentaries Online".
  7. ↑ Malana : Shangrila in the Himalayas
  8. ↑ Kulu The End of the Habitable World By Penelope Chetwode page 89 ISBN 81-85113-20-3
  9. 1 2 3 4 Young, George Malcolm (1916). "Malana and the Akbar-Jamlu Legend". Journal of the Panjab Historical Society. 4 (2): 77–149.
  10. ↑ Penelope Chetwode (1972). "Kulu The End of the Habitable World. p. 90. ISBN 81-85113-20-3
  11. ↑ "Malana - World's Oldest Democracy - Kullu". kullutourism.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  12. ↑ "यहां सदियों से गांव की संसद ही तय करती है कायदा कानून - Amarujala". Amar Ujala (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  13. ↑ "Experts to study Alexander's 'last descendants' in Himachal - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  14. 1 2 Joshi, Namratha (26 January 2008). "Jamlu's fire". Outlook magazine. M/s Kasturi ad sons. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "About Malana" "About Malana". Archived from the original on 20 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2011. Retrieved 26 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2010.
  16. ↑ Dr. Virendra Bangroo, "Malana: A Lost Utopia In The Himalayas," http://ignca.nic.in/nl002401.htm
  17. 1 2 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:E25
  18. ↑ Dutta, Prabhash K. (December 4, 2016). "For this Himachal village, banned cannabis is its source of livelihood". India Today. Local lawmakers and officials say the plant is part of their tradition and empathize with people in steep, remote villages who consider cannabis the only cash crop they can grow in harsh weather and geographic conditions. Maheshwar Singh, a local lawmaker and the descendant head of the royal family of Kullu, said a look at the old tax books shows that the plant was legally cultivated and sold for decades before India's drug law.
  19. 1 2 Giroti, R; Talwar, I (Apr 2010). "The Most Ancient Democracy in the World is a Genetic Isolate: An Autosomal and Y-Chromosome Study of the Hermit Village of Malana (Himachal Pradesh, India)". Hum. Biol. 82 (2): 123–41. doi:10.3378/027.082.0201. JSTOR 41466666. PMID 20649396. S2CID 22324205.
  20. ↑ Malana (Manali): Athènes de l'Himalaya
  21. ↑ Chhabra, Aarish (March 21, 2017). "Hash through hashtag: Himachal's famed marijuana on sale via Instagram, Speed Post". Hindustan Times. Other photos had an entry gate of Malana, considered to have the best quality of cannabis in the world.
  22. ↑ Balachandran, Manu (July 11, 2017). "An ancient Himalayan village known for India's best hash is now off limits for tourists". Quartz. An isolated village nestled in the Himalayas, Malana is popular for Malana Cream, a strain of cannabis with a high oil content and intense aroma [...] Malana Cream is among the most expensive hashish on the famed cannabis menus of Amsterdam. A tola, or 11.66 grams, sells for over $250 there and over Rs4,000 ($60) in India.
  23. ↑ "Among the world's top stoner spots, Malana now cannot do without marijuana". 4 December 2016.

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
* Chakraborty, Mehk. "Malana: A Himalayan village shrouded in myth". bbc.com.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
* Malana : Shangrila in the Himalayas
* Himalayan Culture and Mountaineering Museum
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ&oldid=198096" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ