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ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ
مسعود رجوی
᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ
ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱦᱮᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱵᱟᱭᱴᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱤᱡ
Assumed office
᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱙
Co-leader with ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ (᱑ ribbons ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)
ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ
ᱵᱟᱭᱴᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱤᱡ
Assumed office
᱒᱐ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙ letters
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱟᱵᱳᱞᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ[lower-alpha ᱑]
ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ᱑᱘ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱔᱘(1948-08-18)
ᱛᱚᱵᱚᱥ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱨᱟᱥᱟᱱ, ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ[᱒]
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱦᱮᱫᱤᱱ
NCRI (᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ᱑
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ
ᱥᱩᱦᱤ
ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ
ᱟᱫᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱑᱓ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ (ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱕᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ)
ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱯᱷ, ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱤᱥᱛ ᱤᱨᱟᱠ

ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ[lower-alpha ᱒] (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱘ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ – ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱑᱓ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐０᱓)[᱓] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙tracking ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱦᱮᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱬ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾[᱕][᱖][᱗] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ MEK ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱡᱚᱱᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱔]

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ MEK ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ MEK ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱘]

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱗0-᱑᱙᱗᱙)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱟᱦᱞᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ, ᱠᱟᱡᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱙] ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱦᱮᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱐]

MEK ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱑᱙᱗᱙–ᱱᱤᱛ)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱯᱷᱮᱫᱟᱭᱤ, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ, ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ, ᱠᱳᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ MEK ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱯᱮᱠᱷᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱭᱟᱛᱳᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱠᱷᱳᱢᱮᱭᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ" ᱾ MEK ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱠᱚᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟᱛ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ, ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ-ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱑cell ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱛᱳᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱠᱷᱳᱢᱮᱭᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱟᱵᱳᱞᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ 'ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱳᱢᱮᱭᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒] ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ MEK ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ MEK ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱑᱓] ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ (base) ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔]

ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓][᱑᱕][᱑᱖] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ MEK ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ NCRI ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱮᱴ" ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱗][᱑᱘][᱑᱙] ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾[᱒᱐][᱒᱑]

ᱤᱨᱟᱠ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑0 ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱙ MEK ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱠᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ MEK ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱳᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱞ-ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱜᱤᱯᱷᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱾[᱒᱒] ᱒᱐0᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱭᱳᱴᱤᱠ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱒᱓]

ᱤᱨᱟᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱰᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑0᱔ MEK ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ (in absentia) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱔]

ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ % ᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱱᱳᱴᱥ
᱑᱙᱗᱙ assembly ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ (᱑0 ᱴᱷᱟᱶ) ᱒᱙᱗,᱗0᱗ ᱑᱑.᱗᱘ ᱑᱒-ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ[᱒᱕]
᱑᱙᱘0 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ – ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ[᱒᱕]
ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱕᱓᱑,᱙᱔᱓ ᱒᱔.᱙ ᱓᱘-ᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱚᱯᱷ[᱒᱕]
ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱚᱯᱷ Decrease ᱓᱗᱕,᱗᱖᱒ Decrease ᱒᱓ ᱒᱑-ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ[᱒᱕]

ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱡᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱦ (ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱰᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱥᱴ), ᱟᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ (ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ-ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱟᱝ (ᱵᱮᱞᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱾[᱒᱖] ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘0 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱨᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ MEK ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱭᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱭᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱳᱨᱯᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱒᱗][᱒᱘] ᱨᱟژᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱤᱡ ᱟᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱛᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱾[᱒᱙] ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱳᱞᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱨᱳᱡᱮᱦ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱜᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ,[᱓᱐] ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ NCRI ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾[᱓᱑] ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱳᱫᱟᱱᱞᱩ (ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱵᱷᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱒]

ᱱᱳᱴᱥ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑cell ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
  2. ↑ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ: مسعود رجوی‎‎

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ Kian Parsa (July 2008) [Tir 1387]. "شورای ملی مقاومت، بنی‌صدر و رجوی، از ائتلاف تا جدایی". Shahrvand Magazine (in ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ) (52). Archived from the original on 3 October 2013.
  2. ↑ Stephen Sloan; Sean K. Anderson (2009). Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0810863118.
  3. 1 2 Jonathan Border (27 August 2019). "Iran's Opposition Groups are Preparing for the Regime's Collapse. Is Anyone Ready?". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  4. 1 2 Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 208. ISBN 978-1597977012.
  5. ↑ Peter Chalk (2012). "Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK)". Encyclopedia of Terrorism. ABC-CLIO. p. 509. ISBN 9780313308956.
  6. ↑ Lovelace Jr., Douglas; Boon, Kristen; Huq, Aziz (2012). Assessing President Obama's National Security Strategy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975824-1.
  7. ↑ Sean K. Anderson; Stephen Sloan (2009). Historical Dictionary of Terrorism (Volume 38). Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0810857643.
  8. ↑ Hersh, Seymour M. (5 April 2012). "Our Men in Iran?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  9. ↑ See Abrahamian, supranote 291
  10. ↑ Abrahamian, page 90.
  11. ↑ Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 198, ISBN 9781850430773
  12. ↑ Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-59797-701-2.
  13. ↑ Peter J. Chelkowski, Robert J. Pranger (1988). Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski. Duke University Press. pp. 255–256. ISBN 978-0-8223-8150-1.
  14. ↑ Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005). "An implacable opponent to the mullahs of Iran". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  15. ↑ Ahmed Rasheed (28 December 2009). "FACTBOX: Who are the People's Mujahideen of Iran?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  16. ↑ Chalk, Peter (2012). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. ABC-CLIO. p. 509. ISBN 978-0313308956.
  17. ↑ "The People's Mujahidin: The Iranian dissidents seeking regime change in Tehran". The Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  18. ↑ "Iran Rebels See Hardliner Ebrahim Raisi as Chance to Bring Down Regime". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  19. ↑ "With deadline looming to close MEK's Camp Ashraf in Iraq, what next?". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  20. ↑ Jonathan K. Zartman, ed. (2020). Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change. ABC-CLIO. p. 209. ISBN 978-1440865022. Massoud disappeared in 2003, believed dead.
  21. ↑ "Iranian Diplomat Accused of Plotting to Bomb Dissidents Goes on Trial in Belgium". new York Times. 2020-11-27. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  22. ↑ Muhanad Mohammed (11 July 2010). Rania El Gamal; David Stamp (eds.). "Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  23. ↑ Bill Samii (26 October 2005), Iran Report, vol. 8, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, archived from the original on 13 November 2018, retrieved 28 December 2016, Mohammad Tofiq Rahim, an official with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, said in an interview with Radio Farda that his organization has documentary evidence of Rajavi's role. He said that when the Kurds seized control of northern parts of Iraq with U.S. assistance at the end of the Gulf War in 1991, the MEK cooperated with the Iraqi Army in retaking control of the city of Kirkuk. In the process, he charged, hundreds of the city's residents were killed by the MEK. "Everyone in Iraqi Kurdistan knows that Masud Rajavi cooperated with the Mukhaberat [intelligence] and security forces of Saddam Hussein not only in the suppression of the Kurds, but all the opponents of the regime of Saddam," Rahim added.
  24. ↑ "قوه قضائیه ایران از ۱۰۴ عضو مجاهدین خلق خواست وکیل به دادگاه معرفی کنند". Radio Farda (in ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ). 1 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 195, Table 6; pp. 203–205, Table 8, ISBN 9781850430773
  26. ↑ Lincoln Bloomfield Jr. (2019). The Ayatollahs and the MEK Iran's Crumbling Influence Operation (PDF). University of Baltimore. ISBN 978-0578536095. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  27. ↑ Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 181 - 222, ISBN 9781850430773
  28. ↑ "Opinion". FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022. {{cite web}}: Text "Who Is Responsible for the MKO Massacre at Camp Ashraf?" ignored (help)
  29. ↑ Cohen, Ronen (2009), The Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 15, 39, ISBN 978-1-84519-270-9
  30. ↑ Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 247, ISBN 9781850430773
  31. ↑ Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 206. ISBN 978-1597977012.
  32. ↑ Connie Bruck (2006). "Exiles: How Iran's expatriates are gaming the nuclear threat". The New Yorker. Vol. 82, no. 1–11. F-R Publishing Corporation. pp. 54–55.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
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