ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ

ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ
ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ
	ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ	میرزا رضا کرمانی
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	᱑᱘᱕᱔; ᱠᱟᱡᱽᱵᱷᱤᱱ, ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱞᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱖; ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ, ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱞᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ	ᱜᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ
ᱧᱩᱢᱱᱟᱢ	ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ

ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ: میرزا رضا کرمانی‎‎; ᱑᱘᱕᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ – ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱡᱚᱱᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱟᱞᱳᱪᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱒] ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱾^[᱓]

ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ

᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘۹۶ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱳᱞ-ᱟᱡᱤᱢ ᱥᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ "ᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱦ) ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱳᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘-ᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱥ ᱡᱤᱣᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱜ ᱢᱟ" ᱾^[᱕] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱬ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱖] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, "ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟ!" ᱾

ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ

ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱴᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱤᱡ ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱯᱷᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱽ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱸᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱴᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ,^[᱗] ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱙۶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱡᱚᱱᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ

ᱠᱮᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱨᱱᱤᱝ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱯᱷᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱽ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱳᱠᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱧ ᱪᱚᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱚᱴᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (᱑᱘᱗᱖–᱗᱘) ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Dabashi, Hamid. Iran: A People Interrupted. p. 67. The New Press. Accessed 28-01-2008.
↑ Dabashi, Hamid. Iran: A People Interrupted. p. 68. The New Press. Accessed 28-01-2008.
1 2 Axworthy, Michael (2016). A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind. p. 198. ISBN 978-0465098767. OCLC 914195458.
↑ "Historical Personalities: Mirza Reza Kermani" Iran Chamber. Accessed 28 January 2008.
↑ Habib Levy, Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran, June 2009, p. 397.
↑ Mo'ayeri (1982). Some notes from private life of Nasser al-Din Shah. Tehran: Nashr-e Tarikh-e Iran, p. 105.
↑ For an English translation of the interrogation transcript, see Edward Granville Browne The Persian Revolution: 1905–1909, pp. 58–98.

[dabashi1-1] Dabashi, Hamid. Iran: A People Interrupted. p. 67. The New Press. Accessed 28-01-2008.

[dabashi2-2] Dabashi, Hamid. Iran: A People Interrupted. p. 68. The New Press. Accessed 28-01-2008.

[Axworthy2016-3] 1 2 Axworthy, Michael (2016). A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind. p. 198. ISBN 978-0465098767. OCLC 914195458.

[iranchamber-4] "Historical Personalities: Mirza Reza Kermani" Iran Chamber. Accessed 28 January 2008.

[5] Habib Levy, Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran, June 2009, p. 397.

[6] Mo'ayeri (1982). Some notes from private life of Nasser al-Din Shah. Tehran: Nashr-e Tarikh-e Iran, p. 105.

[7] For an English translation of the interrogation transcript, see Edward Granville Browne The Persian Revolution: 1905–1909, pp. 58–98.

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