ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ–ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ–ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
	ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ
ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ	ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ
ᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ	ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ,; ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ
ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ; ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱭᱪᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱮᱢ. ᱡᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱱᱫᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ;
ᱥᱮᱵᱟ
ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱡ	ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ	᱑᱙᱐᱑
ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ	1,661 km (1,032 mi)
ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ	᱒
ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ	5 ft 6 in (᱑,᱖᱗᱖ mm) ᱵᱨᱚᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ	2005 with 25 kV overhead line
ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ	up to 130 km/h
ᱨᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱖᱖᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱐᱓᱒ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ

᱑,᱖᱖᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱐᱓᱒ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱴᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ–ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱥᱮᱫ ᱑᱑᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱑ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ-ᱠᱷᱩᱨᱫᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (ᱥᱮᱫ 363.1 km (225.6 mi)
ᱠᱷᱩᱨᱫᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ-ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (ᱥᱮᱫ 430 km (270 mi))
ᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱟᱵᱷᱳᱞᱩ–ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱟᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱫᱩᱵᱽᱵᱟᱰᱟ–ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (350 km (220 mi) ᱥᱮᱫ) (ᱚᱱᱚᱠᱟᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ-ᱜᱩᱰᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (ᱥᱮᱫ 310 km (190 mi)) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱜᱩᱰᱩᱨ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (140 km (87 mi) ᱥᱮᱫ) (ᱜᱩᱰᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ, ᱜᱚᱫᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑]^[᱒]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱯᱨᱚᱭᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ/ᱵᱭᱟᱥᱟᱨᱯᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱤᱵᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱖᱒ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱓] ᱑᱘᱙᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱑,᱒᱘᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱘᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ,^[᱕]^[᱖] ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ-ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱞᱤᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ-ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ

ᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ (ᱣᱟᱞᱴᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱗] ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱑᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱑᱙᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱖]^[᱘]

᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱙]^[᱑᱐]

᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱨᱟᱴᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱨᱟᱱᱴᱤᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱦᱩᱵᱽᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱨᱟᱱᱴᱤᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱴᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱸᱴᱠᱚᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱑]

᱑᱙᱔᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱗] ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱑᱒] ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱟᱨ. ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱒]^[᱑᱓] ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱒] ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱒]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ

ᱦᱟᱣᱫᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱ (WDM-1) ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱑᱓]

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱑᱔]

ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ

ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ" ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ-ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱕]

ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱢᱚᱱᱰᱚᱞ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ, ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ, ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱢᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱩᱱᱰᱨᱤ, ᱮᱞᱩᱨᱩ, ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱣᱟᱰᱟ, ᱱᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ, ᱳᱝᱜᱳᱞ, ᱜᱩᱰᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱖]

ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱬ

ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱚᱨᱱᱤᱢ ᱪᱟᱛᱛᱩᱨᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱨᱱᱤᱢ ᱪᱟᱛᱩᱨᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱖% ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱗]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "Coastal Plains of India". Country facts – the world at your finger tips. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
↑ "The Coastal Plains of India". Zahie.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
1 2 "IR History: Early Days – I". Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865). Retrieved 27 October 2012.
1 2 "IR History: Early Days – II". Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899). Retrieved 27 October 2012.
1 2 3 "Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway". South Eastern Railway. Archived from the original on 1 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2013. Retrieved 19 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012.
1 2 "History of Waltair Division". Mannanna.com. Archived from the original on 11 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 2 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2013.
1 2 "IR History: Part III (1900-1947)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
↑ "History". East Coast Railway. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
↑ Railways. The Cambridge Economic History of India. Vol. 2. Orient Longmans Private Limited. 2005. p. 755. ISBN 9788125027317. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
↑ "Third oldest railway station in country set to turn 156". Indian Railways Turn Around News. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
↑ "Geography – Railway Zones". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
1 2 3 4 "Geography – Railway Zones". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
1 2 "IR History: Part - IV (1947 - 1970)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
↑ "IR History Part VII (2000-present)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
↑ "Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way". Archived from the original on 3 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. Retrieved 2 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2013.
↑ "Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry". Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways. IRFCA. Archived from the original on 10 ᱢᱮ 2014. Retrieved 30 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
↑ "Geography – Railway Zones". Major routes. IRFCA. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

[1] "Coastal Plains of India". Country facts – the world at your finger tips. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-17.

[2] "The Coastal Plains of India". Zahie.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 2013-01-17.

[irfcai-3] 1 2 "IR History: Early Days – I". Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865). Retrieved 27 October 2012.

[irfcaii-4] 1 2 "IR History: Early Days – II". Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899). Retrieved 27 October 2012.

[ser-5] 1 2 3 "Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway". South Eastern Railway. Archived from the original on 1 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2013. Retrieved 19 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2012.

[waltair-6] 1 2 "History of Waltair Division". Mannanna.com. Archived from the original on 11 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 2 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2013.

[irfcaiii-7] 1 2 "IR History: Part III (1900-1947)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-19.

[8] "History". East Coast Railway. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-02.

[9] Railways. The Cambridge Economic History of India. Vol. 2. Orient Longmans Private Limited. 2005. p. 755. ISBN 9788125027317. Retrieved 2013-02-13.

[10] "Third oldest railway station in country set to turn 156". Indian Railways Turn Around News. Retrieved 2013-02-13.

[11] "Geography – Railway Zones". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[zones-12] 1 2 3 4 "Geography – Railway Zones". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-11-21.

[irfca1v-13] 1 2 "IR History: Part - IV (1947 - 1970)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-11-21.

[14] "IR History Part VII (2000-present)". IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[15] "Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way". Archived from the original on 3 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013. Retrieved 2 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2013.

[16] "Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry". Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways. IRFCA. Archived from the original on 10 ᱢᱮ 2014. Retrieved 30 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012.

[17] "Geography – Railway Zones". Major routes. IRFCA. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

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