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ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ: Late Triassic – recent
ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, Neotibicen linnei
Magicicada cassini ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ e
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Class:Insecta
Order:ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ
Suborder:ᱟᱣᱠᱮᱱᱚᱨᱨᱟᱭᱱᱠᱟ
Infraorder:ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱚᱢᱚᱨᱯᱷᱟ
Superfamily:ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱚᱭᱰᱮᱭᱟᱭ
Pierre André Latreille, 1802
ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ Cicadoidea ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ Auchenorrhyncha ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - Tettigarctidae, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [᱑]

ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓] ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾[᱔]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱕][᱖][lower-alpha ᱑]

Cicada (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ, Robert Evans Snodgrass, ᱑᱙᱓᱐[᱗]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - Cicadettinae, Cicadinae, Derotettiginae, Tibicininae (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ Tettigomyiinae ᱾[᱘] ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ Tibiceninae ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) Megapomponia imperatoria; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ 20 cm (8 in) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱙] ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱐]

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,[lower-alpha ᱒] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,[᱑᱒] ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,[᱑᱓] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔]

ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,[᱑᱐] ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (New Forest cicada), Cicadetta montana, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕] ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

 
Cicadidae
 
 
 
 

Cicadinae

 
 

Cicadettinae

 
 
 
 

Tettigomyiinae

 
 
 

Tibicininae

 
 
 

Tettigarctidae

 
 
᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)[᱘]

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ Neotibicen, Megatibicen, ᱥᱮ Hadoa ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ periodical cicadas ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖][᱑᱗]

ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ, ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, Cyclochila australasiae ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾[᱑᱘]

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ (Kermadec Islands, Chatham Islands) ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱙] ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ Mesogereon superbum ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ

ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ Palaeontinoidea ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱐] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱑]

ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ Prolystra lithographica, ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ

Palaeontinidae ᱥᱮ "ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ" (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾[᱒᱐] ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ Taynton Limestone Formation ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ Palaeontina oolitica ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱒]

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾[᱒᱓] ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,[᱒᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ Davispia bearcreekensis (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾[᱒᱕]

ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Nihongo at line 176: attempt to call field '_lang' (a nil value)., Hyalessa maculaticollis, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱾
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Nihongo at line 176: attempt to call field '_lang' (a nil value)., Platypleura kaempferi, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱖] Auchenorrhyncha ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱸᱰ (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (prothorax) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑]

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ (molting) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ 2 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (Megapomponia imperatoria), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ 7 cm (2.8 in) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ 18–20 cm (7–8 in) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱐][᱒᱗] ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱸᱰ (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾[᱒᱘] ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱙]

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱘]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾[᱓᱐] ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱓᱑]

ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ Diceroprocta apache ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ 39 °C (102 °F) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ (tergum) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱒][᱓᱓] ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ Magicicada tredecem ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾[᱓᱔] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱕]

ᱨᱟᱹᱲ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:
a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;
b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;
c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;
d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;
e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ

ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ "ᱨᱟᱹᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ Subpsaltria yangi ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱖] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱖]

ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ (sound box) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱞᱤᱠ" (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ (tracheae) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ (substrate) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖] ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱗]

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ Fidicina rana ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ 29 °C (84 °F) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱘] ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱙] ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱕] Kanakia gigas ᱟᱨ Froggattoides typicus ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱔᱐][᱔᱑]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱒][᱔᱓] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, Okanagana pallidula ᱟᱨ O. vanduzeei ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱔]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ dB (SPL) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,[᱔᱕] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔᱖] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ "ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ" ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱗]

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾[᱔᱘]

ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱙]

ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ (substrate) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ 6–24 in (15–61 cm) ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ (instar) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ (molting), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ (exuviae) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱕᱐]

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, Magicicada, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ "ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ" (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾[᱕᱑] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱕᱒][᱕᱓][᱕᱔] ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾[᱕᱕] ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕᱖] ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕᱑]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱳᱠ, ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱭᱞᱳ, ᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱯᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱕᱗][᱕᱘]

ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾[᱕᱙] ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱖᱐][᱖᱑]

ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion)

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱖᱒] ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾[᱑᱑]

ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾
  2. ↑ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ Simon, Chris; Cooley, John R. (2022). "Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas". Annual Review of Entomology. 67: 457–482. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 34623904. S2CID 238529885.
  2. ↑ Fitzgerals, Kevin (22 March 2016). "How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?". Entomology Today. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  3. ↑ Insect singers orthsoc.org
  4. ↑ Mitsuhashi, Jun (2016-12-19). Edible Insects of the World (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). CRC Press. pp. 2009–2010. ISBN 978-1-315-35088-2.
  5. ↑ "cicada". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  6. ↑ "Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So". Dictionary.com. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  7. ↑ Snodgrass, Robert Evans (1930). Insects Their Ways and Means of Living (1st ed.). Smithsonian. p. Facing page 198.
  8. 1 2 Marshall, DC; Moulds, M; Hill, KBR; Price, BW; Wade, EJ; Owen, CO; Goemans, G; Marathe, K; Sarkar, V; Cooley, JR; Sanborn, AF; Kunte, K; Villet, MH; Simon, C (2018). "A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification". Zootaxa. 4424 (1): 1–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1. PMID 30313477.
  9. ↑ Carwardine, Mark (2008). Animal Records. Sterling Publishing. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-4027-5623-8.
  10. 1 2 3 Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (2002). International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 455–457. ISBN 978-0-7614-7270-4.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 56–63. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.
  12. ↑ Sanborn, Allen F.; Phillips, Polly K. (2013). "Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico". Diversity. 5 (2): 166–239. Bibcode:2013Diver...5..166S. doi:10.3390/d5020166.
  13. ↑ Hogue, Charles Leonard (1993). Latin American Insects and Entomology. University of California Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-520-07849-9.
  14. ↑ Simon, Chris (2015). "The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis". University of Connecticut. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  15. ↑ Marren, Peter; Mabey, Richard (2010). Bugs Britannica. Chatto and Windus. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-7011-8180-2.
  16. 1 2 3 Milne, Lorus; Milne, Margery (1992). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders. Alfred A Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-50763-7.
  17. ↑ "Periodical Cicadas". magicicada.org. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  18. ↑ "Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea". Australian Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  19. ↑ "Introducing cicadas". Teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  20. 1 2 Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun; Szwedo, Jacek (2009). "Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha)". Palaeontology. 52 (1): 53–64. Bibcode:2009Palgy..52...53W. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x.
  21. ↑ Szwedo, Jacek (June 2016). "The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 109–128. Bibcode:2016EESTR.107..109S. doi:10.1017/s175569101700038x. S2CID 134243346.
  22. ↑ Arthur Gardiner Butler (1869–1874). Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera. E. W. Jansen. pp. 126–127.
  23. ↑ Jiang, Hui; Szwedo, Jacek; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Chen, Jun; Moulds, Maxwell S.; Mähler, Bastian; Muscente, A. Drew; Zhuo, De; Nyunt, Thet Tin; Zhang, Haichun; Wei, Cong; Rust; Wang, Bo (2024-01-08). "Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding". Nature Communications (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 15 (1): 376. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15..376J. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10774268. PMID 38191461. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
  24. ↑ Moulds, M. S. (22 June 2018). "Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae". Zootaxa. 4438 (3): 443–470. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2. PMID 30313130. S2CID 52973182.
  25. ↑ Poinar, George; Kritsky, Gene (October 2012). "Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)". Historical Biology. 24 (5): 461–466. Bibcode:2012HBio...24..461P. doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.603421. S2CID 82426789.
  26. 1 2 Cuvier, Georges; Blyth, Edward; Mudie, Robert; Johnston, George; Westwood, John Obadiah; Carpenter, William Benjamin (1851). The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy. W. S. Orr and Company. pp. 567–570.
  27. ↑ Flindt, Rainer (2006). Amazing Numbers in Biology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 10. ISBN 978-3-540-30146-2.
  28. 1 2 ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Capinera".
  29. ↑ Moulds, Maxwell Sydney (1990). Australian Cicadas. New South Wales University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-86840-139-3.
  30. ↑ Wisdom, Katrina M.; Watson, Jolanta A.; Qu, Xiaopeng; Liu, Fangjie; Watson, Gregory S.; Chen, Chuan-Hua (26 April 2013). "Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (20): 7992–7997. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.7992W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1210770110. PMC 3657783. PMID 23630277.
  31. ↑ Pogodin, Sergey; Hasan, Jafar; Baulin, Vladimir A.; Webb, Hayden K.; Truong, Vi Khanh; Phong Nguyen, The Hong; Boshkovikj, Veselin; Fluke, Christopher J.; Watson, Gregory S.; Watson, Jolanta A.; Crawford, Russell J.; Ivanova, Elena P. (February 2013). "Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces". Biophysical Journal. 104 (4): 835–840. Bibcode:2013BpJ...104..835P. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046. PMC 3576530. PMID 23442962.
  32. ↑ Hadley, Neil F.; Quinlan, Michael C.; Kennedy, Michael L. (1991). "Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs". Journal of Experimental Biology. 159 (1): 269–283. doi:10.1242/jeb.159.1.269.
  33. ↑ Toolson, Eric C. (1987). "Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache". Physiological Zoology. 60 (4): 379–385. doi:10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899. S2CID 87904484.
  34. ↑ Toolson, Eric C.; Toolson, Elizabeth K. (1991). "Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 161 (1): 109–115. doi:10.1007/BF00258754. S2CID 23530728.
  35. 1 2 Sanborn, Allen F.; Villet, Martin H.; Phillips, Polly K. (July 2003). "Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.)". Naturwissenschaften. 90 (7): 305–308. Bibcode:2003NW.....90..305S. doi:10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1. PMID 12883772. S2CID 9090814.
  36. ↑ Luo, Changqing; Wei, Cong (April 2015). "Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit". Animal Behaviour. 102: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013. S2CID 53170339.
  37. ↑ Claridge, Michael F.; Morgan, John C.; Moulds, Maxwell S. (December 1999). "Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae)". Journal of Natural History. 33 (12): 1831–1834. Bibcode:1999JNatH..33.1831C. doi:10.1080/002229399299752.
  38. ↑ Aidley, D. J.; White, D.C.S. (1969). "Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada". Journal of Physiology. 205 (1): 179–192. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959. PMC 1348633. PMID 5347716.
  39. ↑ Turpin, Tom (11 September 2008). "Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season". Purdue University. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  40. ↑ Boulard, Michel (2005). "Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera)". Insect Sounds and Communication. pp. 349–368. doi:10.1201/9781420039337-31. ISBN 978-0-429-12200-2.
  41. ↑ Ewart, A.; Popple, L. W. (December 2007). "Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada". The Australian Entomologist. 34 (4): 127–139.
  42. ↑ Sueur, J.; Aubin, T. (2003-07-01). "Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (Tibicina haematodes and Cicada orni) due to calling song propagation constraints?". Naturwissenschaften. 90 (7): 322–326. Bibcode:2003NW.....90..322S. doi:10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5. PMID 12883776. S2CID 25048233.
  43. ↑ Sueur, Jérôme (2002-03-01). "Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 75 (3): 379–394. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x.
  44. ↑ Sanborn, Allen; Phillips, Polly (1995-10-31). "No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada Okanagana pallidula Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae)". Great Basin Naturalist. 55 (4).
  45. ↑ "Cicada noise". 50/50. NZ. 2 June 2002. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  46. ↑ Craig, Owen (2001-02-17). "Summer of singing cicadas". Australia: ABC Science. Retrieved 23 December 2006.
  47. ↑ "Arthropoda". Insect education. 2008-09-09. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  48. ↑ Villet, Martin H.; Sanborn, Allen F.; Phillips, Polly K. (2003). "Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81 (8): 1437–1444. Bibcode:2003CaJZ...81.1437V. doi:10.1139/z03-119.
  49. ↑ Baker, E.; Price, B. W.; Rycroft, S. D.; Villet, M. H. (2015). "Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price & M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF". Biodiversity Data Journal. 3 (3). doi:10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792. PMC 4568402. PMID 26379465. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-107-26877-7.
  51. 1 2 Milman, Oliver (7 April 2024). "US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide". The Observer.
  52. ↑ Haga, Enoch (1994–2007). "6. Eratosthenes goes bugs!". Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet. Enoch Haga. pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9. ISBN 978-1-885794-24-6. LCCN 2007900755..
  53. ↑ Haga, Enoch (2009). "Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles". In Sloane, NJA (ed.). The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences..
  54. ↑ "Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California" (JPEG) (image). Wikimedia. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  55. ↑ Di Justo, Patrick (13 May 2013), "The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers", The New Yorker
  56. ↑ Yoshimura, J. (1997). "The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages". The American Naturalist. 149 (1): 112–124. Bibcode:1997ANat..149..112Y. doi:10.1086/285981. S2CID 84915706.
  57. ↑ Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). The Songs of Insects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. ISBN 0618663975.
  58. ↑ "Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada". Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  59. ↑ "Do cicadas pee?". 28 June 2015.
  60. ↑ "When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet". The New York Times. 11 March 2024.
  61. ↑ Challita, E. J., & Bhamla, M. S. (2024). "Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (13). Bibcode:2024PNAS..12117878C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2317878121. PMC 10990113. PMID 38466877. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  62. ↑ Burrows, M. (March 2013). "Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae)". Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (5): 788–799. doi:10.1242/jeb.078741. PMID 23155084.
  63. "Formation of the World, Kapampangan Mythology". Aswang Project. 12 September 2017.
ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tag with name "auto17" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&oldid=192061" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ