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ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ

ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ: ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Parabr
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ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲᱠᱤᱭᱮᱵᱷ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ (2001)
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ Ukrainian
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
 -  President Volodymyr Zelensky
 -  Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko
 -  Chairman of the
Verkhovna Rada		 Ruslan Stefanchuk
ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱟᱪᱚᱨ Verkhovna Rada
Independence from Russia[lower-alpha ᱑] 
 -  Autonomy 23 June 1917 
 -  Declared 22 January 1918 
 -  In the West 1 November 1918 
 -  Act of Unity 22 January 1919 
 -  Expansion 22 September 1939 
 -  From the USSR 24 August 1991 
 -  Current constitution 28 June 1996 
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
 -  ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱐᱓,᱖᱒᱘ km2 (45th)
or ᱒᱓᱓,᱐᱑᱓/ ᱒᱒᱓,᱐᱑᱓ m² 
 -  ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (%) 7
ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ
 -  August 2020 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ Decrease 41,743,935[᱓]
(excluding Crimea and Sevastopol) (34th)
 -  2001 census 48,457,102 
 -  ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ 73.8/ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ୨ (115th)
᱑᱙᱑/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱹ
ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ (ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ) 2020 ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱟᱨ
 -  ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱨᱮ increase $429.947 billion[᱔] (48th)
 -  ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ increase $10,310 (108th)
ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ (ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) 2020 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱚᱝ
 -  ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ increase $161.872 billion (56th)
 -  ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ increase $3,881 (119th)
ᱡᱤᱱᱤ (2018) 26.1 (18th)
ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ (2018) 0.750 (88th)
ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ Ukrainian hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ EET (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+2[᱕])
 -  ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ (ᱰᱤᱹᱮᱥᱹᱴᱤ) EEST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+03)
ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱢᱮ right
ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱹᱮᱞᱹᱰᱤᱹ
ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ +380
ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱨ

​ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ[lower-alpha ᱒] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[lower-alpha ᱓] ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ; ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤ, ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱞᱫᱳᱵᱷᱟ[lower-alpha ᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱳᱵᱷ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾[lower-alpha ᱕] ᱠᱤᱭᱮᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱠᱤᱵᱷ, ᱳᱰᱮᱥᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱨᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi) ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱓᱒.᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Pontic steppes ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ[᱖]

ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱢᱤᱱᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱨᱳᱞᱮᱵᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑.᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱗] ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱥᱠᱚᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒,᱐᱐᱐ BC ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱘][᱙] ᱔,᱕᱐᱐ BC ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱣᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱠᱩᱴᱮᱱᱤ-ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱯᱟᱨ-ᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱐] ᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱛᱷᱮᱥᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱜᱟ-ᱱᱤᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱓ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ BC ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱭᱟᱢᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱯ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱒] ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱢᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱥᱠᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ BC ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ, ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ, ᱳᱞᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱨᱥᱳᱱᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ AD ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱛᱷᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱓᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾[᱑᱓] ᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱠᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱢᱮᱱ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱤᱞᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱪᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑᱔]

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱯᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ

ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔° ᱟᱨ ᱕᱓° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱚᱠᱷᱟᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱒° ᱟᱨ ᱔᱑° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱜᱷᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ 603,550 square kilometres (233,030 sq mi) ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ 2,782 kilometres (1,729 mi) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱑᱕]

ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱵᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱯᱟᱨ, ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱨᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ, ᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱡᱳᱵᱷ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱳᱵᱷᱮᱨᱞᱟ 2,061 metres (6,762 ft), ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ᱾[᱑᱖]

ᱱᱳᱴᱥ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ De jure from the Russian Republic, de facto from the Bolshevist Russian Soviet Republic.
  2. ↑ /juːˈkreɪn/ yoo-KRAYN; ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Lang-uk, uk
  3. ↑ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
  4. ↑ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ Transnistriaᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
  5. ↑ ᱟᱡᱳᱵᱷ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱒᱐ pilgrim᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ "Закон України, Про засади державної мовної політики (Відомості Верховної Ради (ВВР), 2013, № 23, ст.218)" [Law of Ukraine, On Principles of State Language Policy, (Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada (VVR), 2013, No. 23, p.218) (Current version — Revision from 1 February 2014]. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  2. ↑ "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  3. ↑ "Population (by estimate) as of 1 August, 2020. Average annual populations January-July 2020". ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Рішення Ради: Україна 30 жовтня перейде на зимовий час [Rada Decision: Ukraine will change to winter time on 30 October] (in ᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ). korrespondent.net. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  6. ↑ Gibbons, Ann (10 June 2015). "Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians". Science. AAAS.
  7. ↑ Garba, R.; Usyk, V.; Ylä-Mella, L.; Kameník, J.; Stübner, K.; Lachner, J.; Rugel, G.; Veselovský, F.; Gerasimenko, N.; Herries, A. I. R.; Kučera, J.; Knudsen, M. F.; Jansen, J. D. (2024). "East-to-west human dispersal into Europe 1.4 million years ago". Nature. 627 (8005): 805–810. Bibcode:2024Natur.627..805G. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3.
  8. ↑ Prat, Sandrine; Péan, Stéphane C.; Crépin, Laurent; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Puaud, Simon J.; Valladas, Hélène; Lázničková-Galetová, Martina; Plicht, Johannes van der; Yanevich, Alexander (17 June 2011). "The Oldest Anatomically Modern Humans from Far Southeast Europe: Direct Dating, Culture and Behavior". PLOS ONE. 6 (6). Bibcode:2011PLoSO...620834P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020834. PMC 3117838. PMID 21698105. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Jennifer Carpenter (20 June 2011). "Early human fossils unearthed in Ukraine". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  10. ↑ Thorsberg, Christian. "When Did Humans Domesticate Horses? Scientists Find Modern Lineage Has Origins 4,200 Years Ago". Smithsonian Magazine (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2025-01-06.
  11. ↑ Balter, Michael (13 February 2015). "Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia". Science.
  12. ↑ Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (2015-06-11). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. 522 (7555): 207–211. arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219. PMID 25731166.
  13. ↑ "Khazar". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 May 2023. {{cite web}}: Text "Origin, History, Religion, & Facts" ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Magocsi, Paul Robert (16 July 1996). A History of Ukraine. University of Toronto Press. pp. 39–42. ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9. Retrieved 16 July 2018 – via Google Books. Whether the Antes created a state structure or existed simply as tribal groupings, their influence was broken after the arrival of the Avars during the second half of the sixth century. With the Avar presence, the Antes disappeared; they are last mentioned in historical sources at the beginning of the seventh century (602).
  15. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cia
  16. ↑ "Ukraine – Relief". Encyclopædia Britannica (fee required). Archived from the original on 15 January 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2007.

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