ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ 'ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ‘ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱫᱷ’ (Paradh) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ‘ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ’ (papardhi) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ 'ᱢᱮᱣᱟᱨᱤ' (Meywarees) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱟᱫᱽᱵᱷᱤᱪᱤᱧᱪᱚᱨ, ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ, ᱞᱟᱝᱜᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ, ᱵᱟᱦᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱪᱤᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ, ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ, ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱱᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱣᱦᱟᱱ (Chavan), ᱨᱟᱛᱷᱳᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭ (surnames) ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ "-ᱥᱤᱝ" ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱩᱝᱠᱷᱮ, ᱨᱟᱛᱷᱳᱲ, ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱵᱷᱟᱰᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱒᱑᱔ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱒᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱘᱙᱔ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱙,᱘᱗᱕ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱚᱢᱨᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ (᱒᱐,᱕᱖᱘), ᱚᱠᱳᱞᱟ (᱑᱗,᱕᱗᱘), ᱵᱩᱞᱰᱷᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱖,᱔᱒᱘), ᱡᱚᱞᱜᱟᱶ (᱑᱖,᱘᱔᱙) ᱟᱨ ᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱢᱟᱞ (᱘,᱑᱒᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱣᱟᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ, ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ, ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱒]

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱣᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱛᱟ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱛᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱛᱚᱥᱨᱩᱝᱜᱤ ᱢᱟᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱛᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱮᱵᱤ (ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱸᱭ (Dussehra) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ

ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱳᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱽᱥ ᱮᱠᱴ (Criminal Tribes Act) ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ' (criminal) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ "ᱠᱟᱹᱭ" ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ "ᱰᱤ-ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱽᱥ" (denotified tribes) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ

ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱷᱤ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

Tiger poaching in India

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ History of Paradhis ambedkar.org
1 2 3 Ganga, Shodh. Ethnography of Pardhi Adivasis (PDF) (Thesis). Chapter III.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Criminal Tribes of India – History of Paradhis

[1] History of Paradhis ambedkar.org

[:0-2] 1 2 3 Ganga, Shodh. Ethnography of Pardhi Adivasis (PDF) (Thesis). Chapter III.

[᱑]

[᱒]