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ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ, ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ (ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ, ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ, ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱑] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱒] ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕-ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱔] ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾[᱕] ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,[᱖] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾[ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ] ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,[᱗] ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱘] ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾[᱙] ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾[᱑᱐]

ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾[᱑᱑]

ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

iDEAL ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾[᱑᱒][᱑᱓][᱑᱔][᱑᱕]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ Clark, Sarah (11 October 2012). "NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global". NFC World. Archived from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  2. ↑ Barrett, Randy (February 8, 2023). "Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies". FedTech. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  3. ↑ UK Government, Digital driving licence coming this year, published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025
  4. ↑ Kang, Baoyuan; Shao, Dongyang; Wang, Jiaqiang (2018). "A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography". Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology. 12 (1): 13–19. doi:10.1177/1748301817727123. ISSN 1748-3018.
  5. ↑ Miklesh Prasad Yadav, Madhu Arora (2019). Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science. SSRN 3369651. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  6. ↑ Murphy, David. "Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Dial M for money". The Economist. June 30, 2007. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  8. ↑ "PayPass Adoption Study". MasterCard Advisors. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  9. ↑ Chanchani, Madhav (7 March 2016). "Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  10. ↑ Shahen, Abdelhalem Mahmoud; Sharaf, Mesbah Fathy (2025). "The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review". FinTech. 4 (4): 59. doi:10.3390/fintech4040059.
  11. ↑ "Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement". SIPMM Publications (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2018-08-17. Archived from the original on 2023-04-06. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  12. ↑ "Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard". NL Times (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-06-29. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  13. ↑ "EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition". thepaypers.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2023-04-26. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  14. ↑ Dumitrescu, Irina (2023-04-25). "[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution". European Payments Initiative (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  15. ↑ n.a. (2023-04-25). "iDEAL Becomes More Ideal". iDEAL (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  • RFC 4112: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ_ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ_ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ&oldid=191392" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ