ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ

ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ (Municipality) ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ (Municipality) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱟᱹᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ (Mayor) ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱱᱥᱤᱞ (Council) ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱼᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ (Etymology)

'Municipality' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ municipium ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ municipium ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱹᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ Munus: ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ (duty) ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (service) Capere: ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ (take) ᱥᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ (receive) ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ 'ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ' (community undertaking duties)᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱚᱥᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ (History)

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧᱼᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Roman Empire): Municipium ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱸ ᱩᱫᱟᱦᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱹᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱥᱚᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (Middle Ages): ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (Modern Era): ᱑᱘᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (As a modern local government)

ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ (Responsibilities)

ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱤᱢᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭ (Water and Sanitation): ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ᱾ ᱨᱚᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱚᱦᱚᱱ (Roads and Transport): ᱨᱚᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ᱾ ᱥᱣᱟᱥᱛᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟ (Health and Education): ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ᱾ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ (Zoning and Planning): ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱵᱤᱥᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱞᱮᱱᱤᱝ᱾ ᱟᱯᱚᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟ (Disaster Management): ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱚᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ᱾

ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ (Financial Sources)

ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ: ᱴᱮᱠᱚᱥ (Taxes): ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱚᱥ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱚᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱴ (Government Grants): ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱥ (Fees): ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ᱾

ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ (Classification)

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (America) ᱨᱮ: ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ (Municipalities) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱹᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ (Europe) ᱨᱮ: ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ (France), ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ (Italy), ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱ (Spain) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ commune ᱥᱮ municipio ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (South Asia) ᱨᱮ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ (India), ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ (Bangladesh), ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (Pakistan) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ (Nagar Palika) ᱥᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ (Parishad) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱴᱟᱹᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ (References)

[1] ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ: ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ, ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ [2] ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ - ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ [3] ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ: ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱠ: ᱮᱠᱥ ᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱰ [4] ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ: Etymology of Municipality - ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ