Jump to content

ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ
ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Testcases other ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:State of Odisha ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:History of South Asia

ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ (Lower Paleolithic) ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱪᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ (Acheulian) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱛᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱕᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱤᱡ (iconoclast) ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱯᱟᱦᱟᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕᱙᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗᱕᱑ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

  • ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱞ: ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗] ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱘] ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱢᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱙] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ (ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱚ) ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱛ-ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱙] ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱮᱥ (ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ" (ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱟ) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱐]
  • ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨᱚ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱚ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨ"[᱑᱑] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒][᱑᱓] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔]
  • ᱩᱰᱨᱚ: ᱩᱰᱨᱚ (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱨᱚ-ᱫᱮᱥ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱨᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕]
  • ᱳᱰᱨᱚ: ᱳᱰᱨᱚ (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱳᱰᱨᱚ-ᱫᱮᱥ) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱰᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱳᱰᱨᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱨᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕]
  • ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ: ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖]
  • ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱚᱞᱚ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ" (lotus region), ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱨᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱗]
  • ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ: ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ (ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱘] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱟᱢ ᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱠᱩᱥᱚ, ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔] ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭᱡᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱙][᱒᱐]
  • ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱚᱰᱚ: ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱚᱰᱚ (Kangoda ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱑]
  • ᱛᱨᱤᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱨᱤ-ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ" ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ, ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱚᱰᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱒]
  • ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ: ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ (ᱛᱳᱥᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱣᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ (᱖᱐᱐ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ), ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱔]
  • ᱩᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱱ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ (geographers) ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱕]
  • ᱳᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱥᱟ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱘]

᱑᱔᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ (mya), ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱫᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱞᱮᱴ, ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱣᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱯᱨᱤᱠᱟᱢᱵᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯ-ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱒᱙] ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱞᱩᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱐᱙ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Ga) ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱐] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱑] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱲᱪᱮᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ (charophytes) ᱟᱨ ᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨ (megaspores) ᱾[᱓᱒]

ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ, ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱪᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱟᱦᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱓] ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱯᱚᱫᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱩᱪᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱰᱤ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹ (chisels), ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱞ (pounders), ᱜᱚᱫᱟ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ, ᱨᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ (grinding stones) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱔][᱓᱓] ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱝᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱟᱠᱳᱴᱷᱤ[᱓᱕] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱠᱷᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱖][᱓᱗] ᱩᱥᱟᱠᱳᱴᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱠᱷᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓᱘] ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱡᱳᱜᱤᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱯᱷᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓᱙][᱓᱘]

ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱯᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔᱐]

ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ (ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱚᱞᱤ, ᱵᱚᱭᱨᱚᱪᱚᱱᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱫᱤᱨᱜᱷᱚᱛᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ, ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱫᱮᱥᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱒] ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ, ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ, ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ, ᱥᱩᱢᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱰᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱓][᱔] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ (North Sircars) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕]

ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ

ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱩᱛᱟᱭᱩᱫᱷᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱮᱛᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫೈᱵᱤ ᱜᱚᱫᱟ (mace) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱠᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱫᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱩᱛᱟᱭᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱔᱑] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱧ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔᱒][᱔᱓]

ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱛᱛᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱚᱛᱛᱚᱵᱷᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱔]

᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚᱠᱟᱨ (chronicler), ᱵᱳᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱱ, ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱕] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ (ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ) ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱚᱥᱪᱤᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾[᱔᱖]

ᱢᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱛᱤᱜᱩᱢᱯᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱗] ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔᱘]

ᱫᱚᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ, ᱫᱷᱚᱣᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱭᱟᱠᱚ
ᱚᱥᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ

ᱚᱥᱩᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔᱙]

ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱢᱚᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ, ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦᱚ (Paika Rebellion - ᱑᱘᱑᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛᱣᱚᱯᱩᱨᱱᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱓᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱡᱟᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

  1. 1 2 Amalananda Ghosh (1990). An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology. BRILL. p. 24. ISBN 978-9004092648. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  2. 1 2 Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil (1946). Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. p. 46. ISBN 9788120820852.
  3. 1 2 J. P. Mitta (2006). History of Ancient India: From 7300 BC to 4250 BC. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 9788126906154. Retrieved 28 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  4. 1 2 V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar (1999). War in Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 53. ISBN 9788170208945.
  5. 1 2 Gaṅgā Rām Garg (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170223740. Retrieved 28 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  6. ↑ Josiah Conder (1828). The modern traveller: a popular description, geographical, historical, and topographical of the various countries of the globe, Volume 1. James Duncan. pp. 140, 158. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  7. ↑ Chakraborty, Yogabrata (28 ᱡᱩᱱ 2023). "পুরীধাম ও জগন্নাথদেবের ব্রহ্মরূপ বৃত্তান্ত" [Puridham and the tale of lord Jagannath's legendary 'Bramharup']. dainikstatesmannews.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: Dainik Statesman (The Statesman Group). p. 4. Archived from the original on 28 ᱡᱩᱱ 2023. Retrieved 28 ᱡᱩᱱ 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ↑ Mahabharata Book Seven (Volume 1): Drona, Volume 1; Volume 7. NYU Press. 2007. p. 58. ISBN 9780814767238. Retrieved 28 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  9. 1 2 Subodh Kapoor, ed. (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia, Volume 1. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 7311. ISBN 9788177552577. Retrieved 28 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  10. ↑ Narayan Miśra (2007). Annals and Antiquities of the Temple of Jagannātha. Sarup & Sons. p. 20. ISBN 9788176257473. Retrieved 28 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  11. ↑ Agrawal, A. (1989). Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-208-0592-7. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  12. ↑ R. C. Majumdar, A. S. Altekar (1986). Vakataka – Gupta Age Circa 200-550 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 146. ISBN 9788120800267. Archived from the original on 24 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2022. Retrieved 10 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2021.
  13. ↑ Sahu, J.K. (1997). Historical Geography of Orissa. Decent Books. pp. 62–63, 146. ISBN 978-81-86921-00-5. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  14. 1 2 Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya (1977). Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. pp. 139, 278. ISBN 9788120833944. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  15. 1 2 3 4 D.C. Sircar (1990). Studies in the Geography of Ancient And Medieval India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 167, 175. ISBN 9788120806900. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  16. ↑ Mishra, R.; Mahānti, U.; Bishi, D. (1996). Culture and Collections: Humanistic Amalgam of Tantra, Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Folkcults. Punthi-Pustak. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-81-85094-99-1. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  17. ↑ Prasad, ed. (2008). Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction. Macmillan. p. 134. ISBN 9780230635302. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  18. ↑ Sahu, J.K. (1997). Historical Geography of Orissa. Decent Books. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-86921-00-5. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  19. ↑ https://prgi.gov.in/registration-title-details-data/033745d6-e74b-11ee-ab0e-00155d022d0b
  20. ↑ Pioneer, The. "'Write more and more in Kosli, revive Kosal'". The Pioneer (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 30 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2025.[permanent dead link]
  21. ↑ Snigdha Tripathy (1998). Inscriptions of Orissa: Circa 5th-8th centuries A.D, Volume 1. f Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 31. ISBN 9788120810778. Archived from the original on 7 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2022. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  22. ↑ Ajay Mitra Shastri (1995). Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins, and Somavaṁśins: Introduction. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 169, 179. ISBN 9788120806351. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  23. ↑ Orissa (India); Senapati, N.; Sahu, N.K. (1971). Orissa District Gazetteers: Dhenkanal. Gazetteer of India (in ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥ). Superintendent, Orissa Government Press. p. 53. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  24. ↑ Sahu, J.K. (1997). Historical Geography of Orissa. Decent Books. p. 117. ISBN 978-81-86921-00-5. Retrieved 14 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  25. ↑ Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya (2009). A Social History of Early India. Pearson Education India. p. 151. ISBN 978-81-317-1958-9. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  26. ↑ Dineschandra Sircar (1971). Studies in the religious life of ancient and medieval India. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 70. ISBN 978-81-208-2790-5. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  27. ↑ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1834). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 106. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  28. ↑ Thomas E. Donaldson (2001). Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa: Text. Abhinav Publications. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-81-7017-406-6.
  29. ↑ Kenneth A. R. Kennedy (2000). God-Apes and Fossil Men: Paleoanthropology of South Asia. University of Michigan Press. p. 9. Retrieved 30 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  30. ↑ Saumitra Misra; Subha Sankar Sarkar; Sambhunath Ghosh (15 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2002). "Evolution of Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton, eastern Singhbhum, India: a case study of petrogenesis of an A-type granite in bimodal association". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 20 (8): 965–989. Bibcode:2002JAESc..20..965M. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00002-0. Retrieved 30 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  31. ↑ Kamal Jeet Singh; Sheerup Goswami; Shaila Chandra. "The Genus Glossopteris From Lower Gondwana Formations Of Ib-river Coalfield, Orissa, India" (PDF). Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. Palaeontological Society of India. Retrieved 30 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  32. ↑ Kanwar Narain; K Rekha Devi; J Mahanta (25 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2003). "First record of charophytes from the Permian Barakar Formation of the Talchir Gondwana Basin, Orissa" (PDF). Current Science. 84 (8). Retrieved 30 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  33. 1 2 Manohar Sajnani (2001). Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 262, 283. ISBN 978-81-7835-018-9. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  34. ↑ Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  35. ↑ "Ushakothi". Government of Odisha. Archived from the original on 4 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  36. ↑ "Ancient rock art starts to fade out: Engravings in Vikramkhol cave under threat". The Telegraph (India). 27 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2011. Retrieved 10 ᱡᱩᱱ 2014.
  37. ↑ Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  38. 1 2 Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty; Robert G. Bednarik (1 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1997). Indian Rock Art and Its Global Context. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 68, 75. ISBN 978-81-208-1464-6. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  39. ↑ "Bhawanipatna". Tourism Department, Government of Odisha. Archived from the original on 22 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2012. Retrieved 3 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  40. ↑ Sudāmā Miśra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana.
  41. ↑ Subodh Kapoor, ed. (2004). An Introduction to Epic Philosophy: Epic Period, History, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions, and Mythology, Volume 3. Genesis Publishing. p. 784. ISBN 9788177558814. Retrieved 10 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Finally Srutayudha, a valiant hero, was son Varuna and of the river Parnasa.
  42. ↑ "Dance bow (1965.3.5)". Pitt Rivers Museum. Archived from the original on 2 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015. Retrieved 2 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  43. ↑ Rabindra Nath Pati (1 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8. Retrieved 2 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
  44. ↑ Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006). Political History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 9788130702919. Retrieved 25 ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  45. ↑ Gajrani, S. (2004). History, Religion and Culture of India. Isha Books. p. 153. ISBN 978-81-8205-063-1. Archived from the original on 24 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014. Retrieved 19 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2020.
  46. ↑ Suhas Chatterjee (1 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1998). Indian Civilization And Culture. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 68. ISBN 978-81-7533-083-2. Retrieved 11 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2013.
  47. ↑ K. Krishna Reddy (2 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1960). Indian History. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. A–149, C–39. ISBN 9780071329231. Retrieved 12 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  48. ↑ "Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela of Kalinga" (PDF). Epigraphia Indica. XX: 86–89. 1933. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2016. Retrieved 12 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
  49. ↑ Prabhas Kumar Singh. "Asurgarh – An Early Urban Centre of Orissa" (PDF). Orissa Historical Research Journal. 3 (XLVII). Retrieved 12 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012.
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ_ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ_ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ&oldid=185578" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ