ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ

ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ
ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ
भीम बहादुर रावल
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱤᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ – ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ	ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱞᱤ
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ – ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ	ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱞᱤ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱳᱭᱨᱟᱞᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ)
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱵᱟᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰ
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱒᱐᱐᱙ – ᱒᱐᱑᱑
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ	ᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱭᱟᱫᱚᱵᱽ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ
ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱑᱙᱙᱘ – ᱑᱙᱙᱙
ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱭᱨᱟᱞᱟ
ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡᱽ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱑᱙᱙᱔ – ᱑᱙᱙᱕
ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ	ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ
ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ, ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ – ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱢ ᱑
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ – ᱢᱮᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱙
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱵᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱠᱩᱶᱟᱨ
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦ
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱢ ᱑
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ – ᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱥᱮᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱠᱩᱱᱣᱚᱨ
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱢ ᱑
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ; ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱮᱱ (ᱭᱩᱮᱢᱮᱞ) ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱒᱘ ᱢᱮᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ – ᱒᱘ ᱢᱮᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱒
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ	᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ (᱖᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ; ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱢ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ	ᱵᱟᱝ
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ; ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ	ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱮᱱ (ᱭᱩᱮᱢᱮᱞ) (᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ)
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ	ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ
ᱜᱳ/ᱵᱟᱵᱟ	ᱢᱳᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ); ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱳᱵᱟ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ (ᱟᱭᱳ)
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ	ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱷᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ (ᱯᱤᱹᱮᱪᱰᱤ)

ᱰᱨ. ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ (ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ: डा.भीम बहादुर रावल}) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱤᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕] ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱭᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱮᱱ-ᱭᱩᱮᱢᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱖] ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱮᱱ (ᱭᱩᱮᱢᱮᱞ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐% ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱗]^[᱘]

ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱷᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱙] ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱣᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱐]

ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱢᱵᱷᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾^[᱙]

᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱞᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱴ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱑]

᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱤ-ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾^[᱑᱒]

ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ

ᱮᱢᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ

ᱨᱟᱣᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱯᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱪᱷᱟᱫᱷᱚᱨ, ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞᱤ, ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱯ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱭᱟᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱤᱯᱴᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱢᱚᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾^[᱑᱓]

ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱥᱛᱚᱯᱷᱟ

᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱥᱛᱚᱯᱷᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡᱽᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱔]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ संघीय संसद सदस्य, २०७४ परिचयात्मक पुस्तिका [Federal Parliament Members 2017 Introduction Booklet] (PDF) (in ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ). Nepal: Federal Parliament Secretariat. 2021. p. 270.
↑ "एमालेले भीम रावललाई पार्टीबाट हटायो".
↑ "Envoy Upadhyay worked against national interest-DPM Rawal". My Republica. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
↑ "3 more DPMs, 4 ministers sworn-in; total Cabinet strength is 26". The Himalayan Times. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
↑ "Madhav Nepal expands cabinet, inducts 5 new ministers". DNA India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
↑ "Supporters see Rawal as-future-PM-UML-boss". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
↑ Online, T. H. T. (2021-11-30). "Bhusal too loses vice-chair election, Ashtalaxmi garners highest number of votes for the post". The Himalayan Times (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-02-16.
↑ "भीम रावलले नयाँ पार्टी खोल्ने". Online Khabar (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-12-26.
1 2 "Bhim Rawal, Home Affairs". Telegraph Nepal. August 28, 2011. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
↑ "नेकपाका नेता भीम रावल अब 'डाक्टर'".
↑ "Minister Rawal speaks in high-level event". The Himalayan Times. September 23, 2009. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
↑ Thira L Bhusal (June 22, 2014). "UML intra-party election turns into bitter rivalry". República. Archived from the original on June 24, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
↑ "एमसीसी टाइमलाइनः कहिले के भयो ?". ईमाउण्टेन समाचार (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2022-02-20. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
↑ "एमाले सांसद भीम रावलले दिए राजीनामा". Online Khabar (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2021-07-18.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[1] संघीय संसद सदस्य, २०७४ परिचयात्मक पुस्तिका [Federal Parliament Members 2017 Introduction Booklet] (PDF) (in ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ). Nepal: Federal Parliament Secretariat. 2021. p. 270.

[2] "एमालेले भीम रावललाई पार्टीबाट हटायो".

[3] "Envoy Upadhyay worked against national interest-DPM Rawal". My Republica. Retrieved December 31, 2017.

[4] "3 more DPMs, 4 ministers sworn-in; total Cabinet strength is 26". The Himalayan Times. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[5] "Madhav Nepal expands cabinet, inducts 5 new ministers". DNA India. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

[6] "Supporters see Rawal as-future-PM-UML-boss". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved December 31, 2017.

[7] Online, T. H. T. (2021-11-30). "Bhusal too loses vice-chair election, Ashtalaxmi garners highest number of votes for the post". The Himalayan Times (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-02-16.

[8] "भीम रावलले नयाँ पार्टी खोल्ने". Online Khabar (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-12-26.

[tn-9] 1 2 "Bhim Rawal, Home Affairs". Telegraph Nepal. August 28, 2011. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved June 24, 2014.

[10] "नेकपाका नेता भीम रावल अब 'डाक्टर'".

[11] "Minister Rawal speaks in high-level event". The Himalayan Times. September 23, 2009. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.

[12] Thira L Bhusal (June 22, 2014). "UML intra-party election turns into bitter rivalry". República. Archived from the original on June 24, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.

[13] "एमसीसी टाइमलाइनः कहिले के भयो ?". ईमाउण्टेन समाचार (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2022-02-20. Retrieved 2022-02-20.

[14] "एमाले सांसद भीम रावलले दिए राजीनामा". Online Khabar (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2021-07-18.

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