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'''ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱓᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ<ref name=Dybo>{{cite web|url= http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf |author=Dybo A.V. |title=ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ РАННИХ ТЮРКОВ |trans-title=Chronology of Turkish Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Turks |year=2007 |page=766 |accessdate=2020-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20050311224856/http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf |archivedate=2005-03-11 |language=ru}}</ref> ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ,[[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ<ref name="Janhunen">{{cite book|title=Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3J_6U8N2Wq8C&pg=PA223|first=Juha|last=Janhunen|authorlink=Juha Janhunen|editor1=Martine Irma Robbeets|editor2=Hubert Cuyckens|page=223|chapter=Personal pronouns in Core Altaic|date=2013|isbn = 9789027205995}}</ref> ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱭᱥᱟᱭᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref name="LanguagesOfTheWorld">{{cite book|last=Katzner|first=Kenneth|author-link=Kenneth Katzner|title=Languages of the World, Third Edition|publisher=Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.|date=March 2002|isbn=978-0-415-25004-7}}</ref> ᱾ |
'''ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱓᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ<ref name=Dybo>{{cite web|url= http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf |author=Dybo A.V. |title=ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ РАННИХ ТЮРКОВ |trans-title=Chronology of Turkish Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Turks |year=2007 |page=766 |accessdate=2020-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20050311224856/http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf |archivedate=2005-03-11 |language=ru}}</ref> ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ,[[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ<ref name="Janhunen">{{cite book|title=Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3J_6U8N2Wq8C&pg=PA223|first=Juha|last=Janhunen|authorlink=Juha Janhunen|editor1=Martine Irma Robbeets|editor2=Hubert Cuyckens|page=223|chapter=Personal pronouns in Core Altaic|date=2013|isbn = 9789027205995}}</ref> ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱭᱥᱟᱭᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref name="LanguagesOfTheWorld">{{cite book|last=Katzner|first=Kenneth|author-link=Kenneth Katzner|title=Languages of the World, Third Edition|publisher=Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.|date=March 2002|isbn=978-0-415-25004-7}}</ref> ᱾ |
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[[ᱨᱮᱫ:TurkicLanguagemap.png|thumb|ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ]] |
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==ᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱛ== |
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==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== |
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==ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ== |
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==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== |
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==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== |
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* [http://www.mediafire.com/view/6iami4gg48peq66/Turkic_Languages_Verb_Comparison.pdf Turkic Languages Verb Comparison] |
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* [https://gokturkanitlari.appspot.com Turkic Inscriptions of Orkhon Valley, Mongolia] |
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* [http://www.umich.edu/~turkish/langres_turkic.html Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan] |
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* [http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/turk/turklm.htm Map of Turkic languages] |
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* [http://www.turkiclanguages.com/www/classification.html Classification of Turkic Languages] |
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* [http://dict.yulghun.com/ Online Uyghur–English Dictionary] |
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* {{curlie|Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Altaic/Turkic/}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517093328/http://www.tdk.org.tr/lehceler/Default.aspx Turkic language vocabulary comparison tool / dictionary] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110710073607/http://www.gaspirali.com/ksozluk/ A Comparative Dictionary of Turkic Languages] ''Open Project'' |
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* [http://turkic-languages.scienceontheweb.net/ The Turkic Languages in a Nutshell] with illustrations. |
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* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists_for_Turkic_languages Swadesh lists of Turkic basic vocabulary words] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh-list appendix]) |
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*[https://zenodo.org/record/3556954 Turkic basic vocabularies] |
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* Conferences on Turkic languages processing: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132543/http://www.e-zerde.kz/zerde/index.php/ru/struktura-4/struktura-6 Astana, Kazakhstan, 2013], [http://www.turklang.itu.edu.tr/ Istanbul, Turkey, 2014], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925133912/http://turklang.antat.ru/ Kazan, Tatarstan, 2015] |
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==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== |
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᱐᱖:᱒᱕, ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ
| Turkic | |
|---|---|
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Turkic peoples |
| ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ | Western Asia Central Asia North Asia (Siberia) East Asia (Far East) Caucasus Eastern Europe |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | One of the world's primary language families |
| ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | Proto-Turkic |
| ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | |
| ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱕ | trk |
| ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ | turk1311[᱑] |
 The distribution of the Turkic languages | |
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱓᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱒] ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ,ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ[᱓] ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱭᱥᱟᱭᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ[᱔] ᱾
ᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱛ
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
- Turkic Languages Verb Comparison
- Turkic Inscriptions of Orkhon Valley, Mongolia
- Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan
- Map of Turkic languages
- Classification of Turkic Languages
- Online Uyghur–English Dictionary
- ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ at Curlie
- Turkic language vocabulary comparison tool / dictionary
- A Comparative Dictionary of Turkic Languages Open Project
- The Turkic Languages in a Nutshell with illustrations.
- Swadesh lists of Turkic basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Turkic basic vocabularies
- Conferences on Turkic languages processing: Astana, Kazakhstan, 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, 2014, Kazan, Tatarstan, 2015
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Turkic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (help) - ↑ Dybo A.V. (2007). "ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ РАННИХ ТЮРКОВ" [Chronology of Turkish Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Turks] (PDF) (in ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ). p. 766. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
- ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2013). "Personal pronouns in Core Altaic". In Martine Irma Robbeets; Hubert Cuyckens (eds.). Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages. p. 223. ISBN 9789027205995.
- ↑ Katzner, Kenneth (March 2002). Languages of the World, Third Edition. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-415-25004-7.