ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ; ᱪᱷᱮᱨ	ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ	ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱠᱚᱧᱮ; ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ; ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢ; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ;
ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱒ / ᱕	dra
ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟᱥᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ	49= (phylozone)
ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ	drav1251
	ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ^[᱒] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱲᱚᱭ (ᱠᱳᱴᱤ) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱤᱥᱟᱥ, ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ (immigrant) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱼᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱳᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ^[᱓] ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱚᱞᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ "ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱴᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:

ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ:

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ (ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱛᱩᱞᱩ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ I)^[᱔]^[᱕]
- ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ
  - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
    - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
      - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ
        
        Malayalam languages, including Malayalam
        
        Irula
        
        Kodava
      - Toda
    - Kota
  - Kannada languages, including Kannada and Badaga
- ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
  - Koraga
  - Tulu
  - Kudiya

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

South-Central Dravidian (Telugu-Kui, or South Dravidian II)^[᱔]^[᱖]
- ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
- Telugu languages, including Telugu
- Gondi-Kui
  - Gondi languages, including Gondi
  - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
    - Konda
    - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
      - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        Manda
        
        Pengo
      - ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        Kuvi
        
        Kui

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

Central Dravidian (Kolami–Parji)^[᱔]^[᱖]
- ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
  - Kolami
  - Naiki
- ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
  - Gadaba
    - Ollari
    - Kondekor
  - Duruwa (or Parji)

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

North Dravidian (Brahui-Kurukh) ^[᱔]^[᱗]
- Kurukh–Malto
  - Kurukh (Oraon, Kisan)
  - Malto (Kumarbhag Paharia, Sauria Paharia)
- Brahui

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ (32.6%)

ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ (29.4%)

ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ (16.6%)

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ (14.5%)

ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ (1.2%)

ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱩᱭ (0.9%)

ᱛᱩᱞᱩ (0.8%)

ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ (0.8%)

ᱵᱮᱭᱟᱨᱤ (0.7%)

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ (2.5%)

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Burrow and Emeneau's A Dravidian etymological dictionary (2nd ed., 1984) in a searchable online form.

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dravidian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ "Overview of Dravidian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
↑ West, Barbara A. (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 713. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ ^᱔.᱓ Krishnamurti (2003), p. 21.
↑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 56.
↑ ^᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 57.
↑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 58.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dravidian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[EB-2] "Overview of Dravidian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 July 2018.

[West2009-3] West, Barbara A. (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 713. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.

[FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200321-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ ^᱔.᱓ Krishnamurti (2003), p. 21.

[FOOTNOTEZvelebil199056-5] Zvelebil (1990), p. 56.

[FOOTNOTEZvelebil199057-6] ᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 57.

[FOOTNOTEZvelebil199058-7] Zvelebil (1990), p. 58.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]