ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ (توروالی) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟ.ᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱣᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮᱭᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑]
Torwali | |
---|---|
توروالی | |
![]() Torwali written in Perso-Arabic in Nastaliq style. | |
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Swat District |
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Torwali people |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ | Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".[᱔] |
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | Arabic script (primarily Nastaliq) |
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
ISO 639-3 | trw |
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | torw1241 [᱕] |
![]() Torwali is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken by Torwali nation of Central Swat District, it is given a space in this map. |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bahrain_town_in_Swat.jpg/220px-Bahrain_town_in_Swat.jpg)
ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱴᱞᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ" ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱟᱞᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱰᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱮᱢ-ᱳ-ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱠᱤ (IBT) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | e eː | o oː | |
Open | a aː |
ᱮᱰᱮᱞᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴᱭᱟᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ /e o a/ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ? ᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ( ä ), ( ü ), ( ö ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | (ɨ̙) | u ũ |
Mid | e ẽ (e̙) | ə (ə̙) | o õ |
Open | æ æ̃ | a ã |
ᱞᱚᱱᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: /ɨ/ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ/ ɨ / ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ), / e /, /ə /. ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱥ-ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱴᱨᱚᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ (retroflex) ᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɳ) | ŋ | ||||||||
Stop | p pʰ |
b bʱ |
t tʰ |
d dʱ |
ʈ ʈʰ |
ɖ ɖʱ |
k kʰ |
g ɡʱ |
||||
Affricate | ts |
ʈʂ ʈʂʰ |
ɖʐ |
tʃ tʃʰ |
dʒ |
|||||||
Fricative (Lateral) |
s | z | ʂ | ʐ | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ | h | |||
(t)ɬ? | ||||||||||||
Approximant (Lateral) |
j | w | ||||||||||
l | ||||||||||||
Rhotic | r | ɽ? |
ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱤᱠᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱵᱟᱭᱚᱨ ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱢᱚᱛ ᱮᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱘]ᱡᱩᱵᱮᱭᱨ ᱴᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ (Zubair Torwali) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱳᱡᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱛ (Swat) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
Letter | Romanization | IPA |
---|---|---|
آ | ā | /aː/ |
أ | a | /a/ |
اَ | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
ب | b | /b/ |
پ | p | /p/ |
ت | t | /t/ |
ٹ | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
ث | (s) | /s/ |
ج | ǰ | /d͡ʒ/ |
چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
ڇ | ċ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ |
څ | c | /t͡s/ |
ح | (h) | /h/ |
خ | x | /x/ |
د | d | /d/ |
ڈ | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
ذ | (z) | /z/ |
ر | r | /r/ |
ڑ | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
ز | z | /z/ |
ڙ | ż | /ʐ/ |
ژ | ž | /ʒ/ |
س | s | /s/ |
ش | š | /ʃ/ |
ݜ | ṣ | /ʂ/ |
ص | (s) | /s/ |
ض | (z) | /d/ |
ط | (t) | /t/ |
ظ | (z) | /z/ |
ع | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
غ | ǧ | /ɣ/ |
ف | f | /f/ |
ق | q | /q/ |
ک | k | /k/ |
گ | g | /ɡ/ |
ل | l | /l/ |
م | m | /m/ |
ن | n | /n/ |
ں | ◌̃ | /◌̃/ |
و | w | /v~w/ |
او | o | /oː/ |
اُ | u | /u/ |
اُو | ú | /ú/ |
ہ | h | /h/ |
ھ | _h | /ʰ/ |
ی | y | /j/ |
ے | e | /e/ |
ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱨᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱦᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥ ᱠᱚᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [ɖ͡ ⁇ ] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ⁇ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ [d͡z] ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱳ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ځ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾[᱙]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books/about/Indian_Epigraphy.html?id=XYrG07qQDxkC#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ Khan, Amber. "Timeline of Torwali Speaker Estimates". torwali.omeka.net. Amber Khan for Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ↑ Torwali, Zubair (2014). "Vestiges of Torwali culture". doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2272.1049. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016.ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Self-published inline
- ↑ Torwali at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Torwali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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- ↑ https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-asia/torwali-language-and-its-new-android-keyboard/
- ↑ https://omniglot.com/writing/torwali.htm