ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱪᱚᱴᱳᱯᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱭ
| ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱪᱚᱴᱳᱯᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱭ | |
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| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱓ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱢᱮᱝᱞᱳᱨ, Madras Presidency (in present-day ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱟᱴᱟᱠᱟ),ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱜᱩᱨ | ᱒᱙ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ (᱘᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ) ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱮᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟ,ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ | Queen Mary's College, Bedford College (London) |
| ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ |
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| ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | ᱨᱟᱢᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱴᱳᱯᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭ |
| ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ | Ramon Magsaysay Award (1966) Padma Bhushan (1955) Padma Vibhushan (1987) |
ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱪᱚᱛᱛᱳᱯᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱭ (3 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 1903ᱼ29 ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ 1988) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱦᱮᱱᱰᱞᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱱᱥᱟᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱨᱟᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
190 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 3 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱥᱚᱵ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱵᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱱᱱᱛᱷᱟᱭᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱜᱨᱤᱡᱟᱵᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱞᱤᱼᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱥᱚᱛ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱵᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱨᱤᱡᱚᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱩᱱᱤ 1917 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ 14 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾[᱒]
1920[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱦᱨᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱣᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱦᱟᱥᱤᱱᱤ ᱪᱚᱛᱛᱳᱯᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ, ᱦᱨᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱪᱚᱛᱴᱳᱯᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱭᱮ (ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱵᱤᱼᱴᱤᱞᱚᱠᱼ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱠᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱩᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱠ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱰᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱩᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ڈپᱞᱳᱢᱟ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱓]
1950 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱦᱮᱨᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱴᱤᱨᱤᱼᱵᱮᱹᱰ (ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ) ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱝᱜᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱫᱦᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱭᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ 1955 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ 1987 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱾[᱔] 1966 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱜᱥᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1974 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮᱠᱫᱟᱢᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ, ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱥᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ "Who was Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay?". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
- ↑ "A Freedom Fighter With a Feminist Soul, This Woman's Contributions to Modern India Are Staggering!". The Better India. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya | Making Britain". www.open.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.