ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ
| James Watt | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of James Watt (1736–1819) by Carl Frederik von Breda | |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱗᱓᱖ Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| ᱜᱩᱨ | ᱒᱕ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱑᱙ (᱘᱓ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ)
[᱑] Handsworth, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom |
| ᱵᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | St. Mary's Church, Handsworth |
| ᱚᱲᱟᱜ | Glasgow, Scotland, then Handsworth, England |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ | Scottish |
| ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ | British |
| ᱧᱩᱢᱱᱟᱢ | Watt steam engine Separate condenser Parallel motion Sun and planet gear (with William Murdoch) Centrifugal governor Indicator diagram (with John Southern) |
| ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ | Margaret Miller (m. 1764-1773 her death) Anne McGrigor (m.1776-1819 his death) |
| ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | Margaret (1767-1796) James (1769-1848) Gregory (1777–1804) Janet (Jessy; 1779–1794) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | mechanical engineering |
| Institutions | University of Glasgow Boulton and Watt |
| Influences | Thomas Newcomen Joseph Black Adam Smith John Robison (physicist) John Roebuck James Keir |
| ᱥᱩᱦᱤ | |
 | |
ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱲᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱞᱟᱥᱜᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱥᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱫ-ᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ(power) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ(unit) ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱓᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ(contractor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱩᱭᱤᱨᱦᱮᱰ, ᱧᱩᱢᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ , ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ-ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱑᱘ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱯᱟᱛᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱥᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ (instrument making) ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱩᱱ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱟᱥᱜᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱫᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱣᱟᱨᱠᱥᱚᱯ (workshop) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱗᱕᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱨᱮᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱡᱚᱝᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱣᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱴᱞᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱣᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱴᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱴᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱯᱱᱤᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ , ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱛᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱮᱱ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- James Watt by Andrew Carnegie (1905)
- Librivox audiobook: James Watt by Andrew Carnegie (1905)
- James Watt by Thomas H. Marshall (1925)
- Archives of Soho Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱑᱐-᱓᱑ at the Wayback Machine. at Birmingham Central Library.
- BBC History: James Watt
- Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame – James Watt
- Revolutionary Players website
- Cornwall Record Office Boulton and Watt letters
- Significant Scots – James Watt
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ Although a number of otherwise reputable sources give his date of death as 19 August 1819, all contemporary accounts report him dying on 25 August and being buried on 2 September. The date 19 August originates from the biography The Life of James Watt (1858, p. 521) by James Patrick Muirhead. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy from the fact that Muirhead was a nephew of Watt and therefore should have been well-informed. In the Muirhead papers, 25 August date is mentioned elsewhere. The latter date is also given in contemporary newspaper reports (for example, page 3 of The Times of 28 August) as well as by an abstract of and codicil to Watt's last will. (In the pertinent burial register of St. Mary's Church (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date of death is not mentioned.)