ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ
| ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ | |
|---|---|
IUCN category II (national park) | |
 Landscape in the national park | |
| Location | ᱠᱳᱥᱤ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ |
| Nearest city | ᱱᱟᱢᱪᱮ, ᱠᱷᱩᱢᱡᱩᱝ |
| Coordinates | 27°56′N 86°44′E / 27.933°N 86.733°ECoordinates: 27°56′N 86°44′E / 27.933°N 86.733°E |
| Area | 1,148 km2 (443 sq mi) |
| Established | ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ, ᱑᱙᱗᱖ |
| Governing body | ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱨᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ |
| Website | sagarmathanationalpark |
| ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | Natural: vii |
| ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ | ᱑᱒᱐ |
| ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ | 1979 (3rd ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱱ) |
ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱞᱩᱠᱷᱩᱢᱵᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱑᱔᱘ km2 (᱔᱔᱓ sq mi) ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱶᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱘᱔᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱘᱔᱘ m (᱙᱓᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙,᱐᱒᱙ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝᱜᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱠᱟᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱸᱰᱥᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒]
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗᱕ km2 (106 sq mi) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱩᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱩᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱟᱭᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ, ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔] ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙,᱐᱐᱐ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾[᱕]
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱠᱤᱭᱳ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱡᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱘᱔᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱙,᱓᱓᱔ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱘,᱘᱔᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱙,᱐᱒᱙ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱷᱚᱴᱥᱮ, ᱪᱳ ᱳᱭᱩ, ᱛᱟᱢᱥᱮᱨᱠᱩ, ᱱᱩᱯᱴᱥᱮ, ᱟᱢᱟᱫᱟᱵᱽᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱢᱳᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱙% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱒᱘% ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱓% ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱙,᱘᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟ
ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱰᱚᱰᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐-᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓,᱐᱐᱐-᱑᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱰᱚᱰᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱪᱮᱱᱥ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱖] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑]
ᱯᱷᱚᱣᱱᱟ
ᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱘᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱭᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱟᱱᱴ, ᱵᱟᱨᱰᱮᱰ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱥᱱᱳᱠᱠᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱪᱳᱜᱽ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱴᱩ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱝᱜᱩᱞᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱠ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱯᱟᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱑,᱕᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱯᱟᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ ᱑.᱐ ᱑.᱑ ᱑.᱒ Bhuju, U.R.; Shakya, P.R.; Basnet, T.B. & Shrestha, S. (2007). "Sagarmatha National Park" (PDF). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. pp. 53–55. ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5.
- ↑ Gurung, C. P.; Maskey, T. M.; Poudel, N.; Lama, Y.; Wagley, M. P.; Manandhar, A.; Khaling, S.; Thapa, G.; Thapa, S. & Wikramanayake, E. D. (2006). "The Sacred Himalayan Landscape: Conceptualizing, Visioning, and Planning for Conservation of Biodiversity, Culture and Livelihoods in the Eastern Himalaya" (PDF). In McNeely, J. A.; McCarthy, T. M.; Smith, A.; Whittaker, O. L. & Wikramanayake, E. D. (eds.). Conservation Biology in Asia. Kathmandu: Nepal Society for Conservation Biology, Asia Section and Resources Himalaya Foundation. pp. 10–20. ISBN 99946-996-9-5.
- ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Sagarmatha National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- ↑ Heinen, J. T. & Mehta, J. N. (2000). "Emerging Issues in Legal and Procedural Aspects of Buffer Zone Management with Case Studies from Nepal". Journal of Environment and Development. 9 (1): 45–67.
- ↑ Byers, A. (2005). "Contemporary human impacts on Alpine ecosystems in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 95 (1): 112–140.
- ↑ Buffa, G.; Ferrari, C. & Lovari, S. (1998). "The upper subalpine vegetation of Sagarmatha National Park (Khumbu Himal area, Nepal) and its relationship with Himalayan tahr, musk deer and domestic yak. An outline". In Baudo, R.; Tartari, G. & Munawar, M. (eds.). Top of the World environmental research: Mount Everest–Himalayan ecosystem. Leiden, the Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers. pp. 167–175.
- ↑ Lovari, S.; Boesi, R.; Minder, I.; Mucci, N.; Randi, E.; Dematteis, A. & Ale, S. B. (2009). "Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park". Animal Conservation. 12: 559–570. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00285.x.
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
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ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ Sagarmatha National Park ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾. |
- BirdLife International. "Important Bird Areas factsheet: Sagarmatha National Park".
- "Sagarmatha National Park". Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
- Official UNESCO website entry