ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱛᱮᱧᱚᱜ-ᱟ

ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱞᱴᱤᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱞᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱷᱳᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱛᱮᱧᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱱᱭᱚᱱᱛᱨᱳᱬ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ [᱑] ᱦᱤᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱳ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

  • ᱮᱠᱚᱥᱟᱱᱚᱭᱮᱰ
  • ᱥᱴᱮᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ
  • ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱚ ᱟᱥᱤᱰ/ ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱤᱱ

ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱮᱧ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱪᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱧᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱮᱧᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾


ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱒]

  1. ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱟᱛᱮᱧ ᱾
  2. ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱨᱚ ᱾
  3. ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱮᱴ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱾
  4. ᱥᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱾
  5. ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱾
  6. ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱢᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱭᱮᱰ ᱜᱞᱟᱱᱰ, ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱜᱽᱡᱚᱥᱟᱭᱴᱚᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱨᱮᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ (ᱟᱵᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨ)[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱨᱱᱚᱞᱰ ᱟᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱞᱰ (᱑᱘᱔᱙)[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱨᱱᱚᱞᱰ ᱟᱰᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱛᱷᱞᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴ, ᱡᱩᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱳ ᱑᱘᱔᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱮᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱣᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱓][᱔]

ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ (᱑᱙᱐᱒)[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱽᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱞᱴᱤᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩ, ᱯᱷᱚᱧᱡᱤ, ᱟᱞᱡᱤ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ [᱕][᱖]

ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱰ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱤᱠᱚᱥᱟᱱᱚᱭᱮᱰ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱴᱮᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱫᱟᱨᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱦᱤᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ [᱗]

  • ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
  • ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱞᱤᱡᱤᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱪᱟᱲᱚᱱᱟ ᱭᱟ ᱾
  • ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱢᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
  • ᱨᱮᱝᱜᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾
  • ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟ ᱾
  • ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱛᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱪᱟᱲᱚᱱᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

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  4. Molina, Patricia E., ed. (2018). Endocrine physiology. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9781260019353. OCLC 1034587285. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)
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