ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱱ, ᱑᱙᱕᱑

᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ (ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ) ᱟᱹᱱ, ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱝᱜᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱯᱩᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ "ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ" ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ

᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱵᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ " ᱢᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱱᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ^[᱑]᱾᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱨᱥ ᱮᱠᱴ, ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱮ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ^[᱒]^[᱓]᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱭᱱᱴᱮᱱᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱢᱰᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ

᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱙(᱑) (ᱚ) ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱱᱴᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱱᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱸᱴᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱫᱷᱟᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ^[᱒]^[᱔]᱾

ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ

᱑᱙ (᱑)(ᱜᱤ) ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ, ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱠᱚ "ᱥᱟᱫᱦᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ" ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱠᱚ᱾

ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱟᱛᱟ

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ

ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ

↑ Singh, Tripurdaman (2020). Sixteen Stormy Days: The Story of the First Amendment of the Constitution of India. Vintage Books. p. 19. ISBN 978-0670092871.
↑ ^᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ Singh, Tripurdaman (2020-01-24). "The uneasy birth of India's Constitution". mint (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-02-23.
↑ "Maledath Bharathan Malyali vs The Commissioner Of Police on 8 February, 1950". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 24 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Brahmeshwar Prasad vs The State Of Bihar And Ors. on 14 February, 1950". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 24 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[1] Singh, Tripurdaman (2020). Sixteen Stormy Days: The Story of the First Amendment of the Constitution of India. Vintage Books. p. 19. ISBN 978-0670092871.

[:3-2] ᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ Singh, Tripurdaman (2020-01-24). "The uneasy birth of India's Constitution". mint (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-02-23.

[3] "Maledath Bharathan Malyali vs The Commissioner Of Police on 8 February, 1950". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 24 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[4] "Brahmeshwar Prasad vs The State Of Bihar And Ors. on 14 February, 1950". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 24 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]