ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ

ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ
Lt Col Prem Sahgal in 1940
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ	ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱕, ᱑᱙᱑᱗(1917-03-25) Lahore, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱛᱟᱞᱟ	᱑᱗ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ (᱗᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ) India
ᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ	British India Azad Hind
ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ/ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ	Malayan campaign
ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ(ᱠᱚ)	Lakshmi Swaminadhan
ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ (ᱠᱚ)	Subhashini Ali

ᱠᱚᱞᱱᱮᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ (᱒᱕ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱑᱗-᱑᱗ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱯᱷᱥᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱡᱽᱱᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱣᱟᱨ (prisoner of war) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱯᱷᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱥ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ (military entrance exam) ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱟᱸᱥ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟᱫᱩᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱑ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤᱱᱮᱸᱴ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ,ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱥᱴᱮᱰ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱥᱴᱮᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱣᱚᱨᱠᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱢᱢᱩ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ (head of the women's wing) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱭᱞᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱱ.ᱨᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ, ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱸᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥᱱᱤ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱢ-ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱯᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱣᱤᱡᱴ (ᱠᱟᱨᱡᱠᱟᱨᱛᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱛᱚᱸᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱣᱟᱫᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱤᱸᱜ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱢᱢᱩ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ (head of the women's wing) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱭᱞᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱱ.ᱨᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ, ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱸᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥᱱᱤ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱢ-ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱯᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱣᱤᱡᱴ (ᱠᱟᱨᱡᱠᱟᱨᱛᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱛᱚᱸᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱣᱟᱫᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱤᱸᱜ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ

• Fay, Peter Ward. The Forgotten Army. New Delhi: Rupa Paperback, 1994 (Paperback, ISBN 81-7167-356-2)
• Smith, Colin. Singapore Burning . London: Penguin Books, 2006 (Paperback, ISBN 0-14-101036-3)