ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ

ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ^[᱑]^[᱒]^[᱓]^[᱔]

ᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ, ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟ, ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱞᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱢᱛᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ, ᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱬ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ^[᱕]^[᱖]
ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱦᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ^[᱗] ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱥᱥᱮ ᱯᱦᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ-ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱦᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱦᱮᱜᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱱᱟ ^[᱘]^[᱙] ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛ ᱯᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ^[᱑᱐]
ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟ, ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱮᱨᱮᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ, ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱲ, ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱫᱩᱨᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱼᱟ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱼᱟ, ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟ, ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱭ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (October 1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-0-15-512403-5. Pure capitalism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production (physical capital) are privately owned and run by the capitalist class for a profit, while most other people are workers who work for a salary or wage (and who do not own the capital or the product).
↑ Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J Barkley (23 July 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8. In capitalist economies, land and produced means of production (the capital stock) are owned by private individuals or groups of private individuals organized as firms.
↑ Chris Jenks. Core Sociological Dichotomies. "Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit." London; Thousand Oaks, CA; New Delhi. Sage. p. 383.
↑ Gilpin, Robert (5 June 2018). The Challenge of Global Capitalism : The World Economy in the 21st Century. ISBN 9780691186474. OCLC 1076397003.
↑ Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism". Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198
↑ Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8431-1.
↑ Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert (28 February 2013). The Global Economy and its Economic Syste ms. South-Western College Pub. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-285-05535-0. Real-world capitalist systems are mixed, some having higher shares of public ownership than others. The mix changes when privatization or nationalization occurs. Privatization is when property that had been state-owned is transferred to private owners. Nationalization occurs when privately owned property becomes publicly owned.
↑ Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.
↑ Bronk, Richard (Summer 2000). "Which model of capitalism?". OECD Observer. Vol. 1999, no. 221–22. OECD. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
↑ Stilwell, Frank. "Political Economy: the Contest of Economic Ideas". First Edition. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Australia. 2002.

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

[1] Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (October 1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-0-15-512403-5. Pure capitalism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production (physical capital) are privately owned and run by the capitalist class for a profit, while most other people are workers who work for a salary or wage (and who do not own the capital or the product).

[2] Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J Barkley (23 July 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8. In capitalist economies, land and produced means of production (the capital stock) are owned by private individuals or groups of private individuals organized as firms.

[3] Chris Jenks. Core Sociological Dichotomies. "Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit." London; Thousand Oaks, CA; New Delhi. Sage. p. 383.

[4] Gilpin, Robert (5 June 2018). The Challenge of Global Capitalism : The World Economy in the 21st Century. ISBN 9780691186474. OCLC 1076397003.

[5] Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism". Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198

[6] Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8431-1.

[7] Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert (28 February 2013). The Global Economy and its Economic Syste ms. South-Western College Pub. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-285-05535-0. Real-world capitalist systems are mixed, some having higher shares of public ownership than others. The mix changes when privatization or nationalization occurs. Privatization is when property that had been state-owned is transferred to private owners. Nationalization occurs when privately owned property becomes publicly owned.

[Modern_Economics_1986,_p._54-8] Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.

[9] Bronk, Richard (Summer 2000). "Which model of capitalism?". OECD Observer. Vol. 1999, no. 221–22. OECD. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.

[Stilwell-10] Stilwell, Frank. "Political Economy: the Contest of Economic Ideas". First Edition. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Australia. 2002.

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