ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ

ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ
ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ
	Photograph from S. C. Roy's The Mundas and their Country
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱗᱕; ᱩᱞᱤᱦᱟᱛᱩ, ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ (᱒᱔ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ); ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ, ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ, ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ	Indian independence movement
ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ	ᱥᱩᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ); ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱩ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱟᱭᱳ);

ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱦᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ

ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱰᱟᱺᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱼᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱭᱳ ᱚᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ

ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟ. ᱗. ᱕. ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱺᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱤᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮ

ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱚᱯᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱐. ᱓. ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱵᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱭ ᱛᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱩᱜᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱠᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱞᱟ.ᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟ.ᱣ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺ ᱙. ᱘. ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ. ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹ ᱒᱖. ᱘. ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱦᱤᱛᱨᱮ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟᱹ ᱓.᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱑᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱼᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ

ᱢᱟᱹ ᱒᱔. ᱑᱒. ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟ. ᱒᱕. ᱑᱒. ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱒᱑ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱛᱟᱨᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱗. ᱑᱒. ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱺ ᱖. ᱑. ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱴᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱟᱜᱽᱼᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱺ ᱒᱘. ᱑. ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱒ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱷᱟᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ. ᱥᱟᱵᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱮ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺ ᱓. ᱓. ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ

ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱼᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱭᱡᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱼᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱥᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱚᱢᱩᱞᱭᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱛ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱺ ᱙. ᱖. ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱙. ᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Rycroft, Daniel J. (4 January 2002). "Capturing Birsa Munda: The Virtuality Of A Colonial-Era Photograph". University of Sussex. Archived from the original on 27 August 2005. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
↑ "The "Ulgulaan" of "Dharati Aba"" [The Revolt of Birsa Munda]. cipra.in. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015. He was lodged in Ranchi jail, for trial along with his 482 followers where he died on 9 June 1900.
↑ "birsamunda". Tribalzone.net. 1999–2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Birsa Munda - The Great Hero of the Tribals at Government of Odisha website.

[1] Rycroft, Daniel J. (4 January 2002). "Capturing Birsa Munda: The Virtuality Of A Colonial-Era Photograph". University of Sussex. Archived from the original on 27 August 2005. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[cipra-2] "The "Ulgulaan" of "Dharati Aba"" [The Revolt of Birsa Munda]. cipra.in. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015. He was lodged in Ranchi jail, for trial along with his 482 followers where he died on 9 June 1900.

[TribalZone-3] "birsamunda". Tribalzone.net. 1999–2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

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