ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ

Karl Marx
FRSA^[᱑]
Karl Marx; FRSA
	Karl Marx in 1875
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘; Trier, Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, Kingdom of Prussia (now Trier, Germany)
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱘᱘᱓ (᱖᱔ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ); London, England, United Kingdom
ᱵᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	Tomb of Karl Marx, Highgate Cemetery, London, England, United Kingdom
ᱚᱲᱟᱜ	Germany, France, Belgium, United Kingdom
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ	Prussian (1818–1845); Stateless (after 1845);
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ	Jenny von Westphalen; (m. ᱑᱘᱔᱓; died ᱑᱘᱘᱑)
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ	7, including Jenny, Laura, and Eleanor
ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ	Heinrich Marx (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ); Henriette Pressburg (ᱟᱭᱳ);
ᱯᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱᱠᱚ	Louise Juta (sister); Jean Longuet (grandson);
	Philosophy career
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ	University of Bonn; University of Berlin; University of Jena (Ph.D.);
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy; Marxism; Correspondence theory of truth;
Main interests	Philosophy, economics, history, politics
Notable ideas	Marxist terminology, surplus value, contributions to the labour theory of value, class struggle, alienation and exploitation of the worker, materialist conception of history
	Influences G.W.F. Hegel • Ludwig Feuerbach • Charles Darwin • Charles Babbage • Lycurgus of Sparta • Aristotle • Epicurus • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Baruch Spinoza • Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi • Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz • David Ricardo • Adam Smith • Adam Ferguson • Friedrich Engels • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon • Constantin Pecqueur • Henri de Saint-Simon • Robert Owen • William Thompson • Charles Fourier • Baron d'Holbach • Justus von Liebig • Ludwig von Westphalen • Max Stirner • François-Noël Babeuf • Voltaire • Giambattista Vico • Maximilien Robespierre • William Shakespeare • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe • Claude Adrien Helvétius • François Guizot • Moses Hess • Victor d'Hupay;
	Influenced List of Marxists;
ᱥᱩᱦᱤ

ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ (᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱼ ᱑᱘᱘᱓) ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ., ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱮᱵᱮᱥ (ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱣᱤᱥ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱱᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱱᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱙-᱔᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱢᱚᱠᱨᱤᱴᱳᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱠᱭᱩᱨᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱠᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : - ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘, ᱛᱨᱤᱭᱮᱨ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟ

ᱜᱩᱨ ᱺ- ᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱘᱘᱓ (ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱖᱔) ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱺ- ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱟ.ᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ (ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ)

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱛᱮ (ᱮᱨᱟ) ᱺ- ᱡᱮᱱᱤ ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱱ

ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ "ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ", ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱔᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟ.ᱯᱤ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱫᱚᱥ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱡᱚᱪ" ᱡᱟᱨᱵᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱭᱛᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱩᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ "ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ" ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱮ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱸᱞᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ 'ᱚᱸᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱡᱽᱵᱟᱫᱽ' ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱩᱪᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ (ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱳ) ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱘᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ 'ᱱᱮᱣᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ.ᱲ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱡᱽᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟ.ᱭ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ" ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱺᱜᱩᱲ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟ.ᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱣᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ.ᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Dead Labour: Marx and Lenin Reconsidered by Paul Craig Roberts
Hegel, Marx, Engels, and the Origins of Marxism, by David North
In Praise of Marx Terry Eagleton synopsising his Why Marx was right chronicle.com 10 April 2011.
Karl Marx: An Overview of his Biographies, by Angelo Segrillo
Karl Marx: Did he get it all Right? Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱘-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine. by Philip Collins, 'The Times', 21 October 2008
Karl Marx, Ernest Mandel
Liberalism, Marxism and The State, by Ralph Raico
Marx, Mao and mathematics: the politics of infinitesimals, by Joseph Dauben
Marxism and Ethics from 'International Socialism (magazine)|International Socialism' Paul Blackledge (2008)
Marxmyths.org Various essays on misinterpretations of Marx Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱔-᱐᱔-᱒᱗ at the Wayback Machine.
Portraits of Karl Marx (International Institute of Social History)
Paul Dorn, The Paris Commune and Marx' Theory of Revolution

ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ

↑ Marx became a Fellow Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱔-᱑᱖ at the Wayback Machine. of the highly prestigious Royal Society of Arts, London, in 1862.
↑ "Classics: Karl Marx".
↑ Bhikhu Parekh, Marx's Theory of Ideology, Routledge, 2015, p. 203.
↑ "(ARCH) Babbage pages". arch.oucs.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
↑ Plutarch, Biography of Lycurgus
↑ Chattopadhyay, Paresh (2016). Marx's Associated Mode of Production: A Critique of Marxism. Springer. pp. 39–41.
↑ Levine, Norman (2006). Divergent Paths: The Hegelian foundations of Marx's method. Lexington Books. p. 223.
↑ Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life, p. 144
↑ Hill, Lisa (2007). "Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and Karl Marx on the Division of Labour". Journal of Classical Sociology. 7 (3): 339–66.
↑ Allen Oakley, Marx's Critique of Political Economy: 1844 to 1860, Routledge, 1984, p. 51.
↑ Marx & pp. 397–99.
↑ Mehring, Franz, Karl Marx: The Story of His Life (Routledge, 2003) p. 75
↑ John Bellamy Foster. "Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 105, No. 2 (September 1999), pp. 366–405.

[1] Marx became a Fellow Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱔-᱑᱖ at the Wayback Machine. of the highly prestigious Royal Society of Arts, London, in 1862.

[willamette1-2] "Classics: Karl Marx".

[3] Bhikhu Parekh, Marx's Theory of Ideology, Routledge, 2015, p. 203.

[4] "(ARCH) Babbage pages". arch.oucs.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2019-06-21.

[autogenerated1-5] Plutarch, Biography of Lycurgus

[Paresh-6] Chattopadhyay, Paresh (2016). Marx's Associated Mode of Production: A Critique of Marxism. Springer. pp. 39–41.

[Levine-7] Levine, Norman (2006). Divergent Paths: The Hegelian foundations of Marx's method. Lexington Books. p. 223.

[autogenerated144-8] Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life, p. 144

[9] Hill, Lisa (2007). "Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and Karl Marx on the Division of Labour". Journal of Classical Sociology. 7 (3): 339–66.

[10] Allen Oakley, Marx's Critique of Political Economy: 1844 to 1860, Routledge, 1984, p. 51.

[FOOTNOTEMarxpp._397–99-11] Marx & pp. 397–99.

[12] Mehring, Franz, Karl Marx: The Story of His Life (Routledge, 2003) p. 75

[13] John Bellamy Foster. "Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 105, No. 2 (September 1999), pp. 366–405.

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