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ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
Karl Marx
FRSA[]
Karl Marx in 1875
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ  ᱟᱨ  ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘(1818-05-05)
Trier, Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, Kingdom of Prussia (now Trier, Germany)
ᱜᱩᱨ᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱘᱘᱓ (᱖᱔ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ)
London, England, United Kingdom
ᱵᱟᱭ  ᱴᱷᱟᱶTomb of Karl Marx, Highgate Cemetery, London, England, United Kingdom
ᱚᱲᱟᱜGermany, France, Belgium, United Kingdom
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
Jenny von Westphalen
(m. ᱑᱘᱔᱓; died ᱑᱘᱘᱑)
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ7, including Jenny, Laura, and Eleanor
ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ
ᱯᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱᱠᱚ

Philosophy career
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ
Era19th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
School
Main interests
Philosophy, economics, history, politics
Notable ideas
Marxist terminology, surplus value, contributions to the labour theory of value, class struggle, alienation and exploitation of the worker, materialist conception of history
ᱥᱩᱦᱤ

ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ (᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱼ ᱑᱘᱘᱓) ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ., ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱮᱵᱮᱥ (ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱣᱤᱥ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱱᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱱᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱙-᱔᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱢᱚᱠᱨᱤᱴᱳᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱠᱭᱩᱨᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱠᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : - ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱘, ᱛᱨᱤᱭᱮᱨ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟ

ᱜᱩᱨ ᱺ- ᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱘᱘᱓ (ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱖᱔) ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱺ- ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱟ.ᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ (ᱵᱮᱼᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ)

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱛᱮ (ᱮᱨᱟ) ᱺ- ᱡᱮᱱᱤ ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱱ

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ "ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ", ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟ. ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱔᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟ.ᱯᱤ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱫᱚᱥ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱡᱚᱪ" ᱡᱟᱨᱵᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱭᱛᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱩᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ "ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ" ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱮ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱸᱞᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ 'ᱚᱸᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱡᱽᱵᱟᱫᱽ' ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱩᱪᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ (ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱳ) ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱘᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ 'ᱱᱮᱣᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ.ᱲ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱡᱽᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟ.ᱭ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ" ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱺᱜᱩᱲ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟ.ᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱣᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ.ᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

  1. Marx became a Fellow Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱔-᱑᱖ at the Wayback Machine. of the highly prestigious Royal Society of Arts, London, in 1862.
  2. "Classics: Karl Marx". Archived from the original on 2020-04-16. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  3. Bhikhu Parekh, Marx's Theory of Ideology, Routledge, 2015, p. 203.
  4. "(ARCH) Babbage pages". arch.oucs.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  5. Plutarch, Biography of Lycurgus
  6. Chattopadhyay, Paresh (2016). Marx's Associated Mode of Production: A Critique of Marxism. Springer. pp. 39–41.
  7. Levine, Norman (2006). Divergent Paths: The Hegelian foundations of Marx's method. Lexington Books. p. 223.
  8. Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life, p. 144
  9. Hill, Lisa (2007). "Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and Karl Marx on the Division of Labour". Journal of Classical Sociology. 7 (3): 339–66.
  10. Allen Oakley, Marx's Critique of Political Economy: 1844 to 1860, Routledge, 1984, p. 51.
  11. Marx & pp. 397–99.
  12. Mehring, Franz, Karl Marx: The Story of His Life (Routledge, 2003) p. 75
  13. John Bellamy Foster. "Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 105, No. 2 (September 1999), pp. 366–405.