ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ

ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ
ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ
	᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; ᱒᱐᱐᱗ – ᱒᱐᱑᱓
ᱵᱟᱪᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ	ᱱᱚᱢᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱒᱕; ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱟᱠᱚᱱᱟᱢ, Tanjore District, ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ, ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ; (present-day Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India)
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ (᱙᱘ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ); ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ	University of Kerala (BSc); University of Madras (BSc); Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Associateship in Genetics); Wageningen University (UNESCO Fellow in Genetics); University of Cambridge (PhD); University of Wisconsin (postdoc);
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ	Mina Swaminathan; (m. 1955; died 2022)
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ	3; including Soumya
ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ	• ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱖᱗); • ᱨᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱜᱽᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ (᱑᱙᱗᱑) ; • ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ (᱑᱙᱗᱒); • ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱡᱽ (᱑᱙᱘᱗); • ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱣᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ (᱑᱙᱘᱙)
	Scientific career
Fields	ᱵᱚᱴᱮᱱᱤ, ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱥᱟᱭᱴᱚᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱤᱠᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱰᱤᱝ, ᱤᱠᱚᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ
Institutions	Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) as a teacher, researcher and research administrator (1954–1972); Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) as Director General (1972–1980); International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) as Director General (1982–1988);
Thesis	ᱥᱯᱤᱥᱤᱡᱽ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱥᱚᱞᱱᱟᱢ-ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱴᱭᱩᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱯᱞᱚᱭᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ (᱑᱙᱕᱒)
Doctoral advisor	ᱦᱹ. ᱣ. ᱦᱚᱣᱟᱨᱰ

ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱚᱢᱵᱩ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱤᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : ᱗ ᱟᱜᱟᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱒᱕, ᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓)^[᱑] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱥᱴ, ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱᱤᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱣᱚᱞᱭᱩᱥᱟᱱ (ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱠᱮ (father of green revolution) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱮᱨᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾^[᱒]^[᱓]^[᱔]^[᱕]

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ (Green Revolution' programme) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱝᱜᱮᱡ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱛᱢ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (self-reliant) ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ (agricultural renaissance) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ (Agricultural Revolution Movement) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾^[᱖]

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱨᱟᱞ (sustainable agriculture) ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱭᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ (sustainable food security) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾^[᱗]

ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ" ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ "ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ", ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ "ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ" ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱵᱽᱭᱩᱞᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱜᱭᱩᱨᱤᱡ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ (ᱞᱟᱠᱷ) ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱝᱮᱜᱡ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ - ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱝᱜᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱨᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ('Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development') ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ "ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱟᱱ" ᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (Development of nature and women friendly technology) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱟᱱᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱣᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ

ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ. S. ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:-[᱑]

᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ "ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱥᱮᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ"

᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱨᱮ 'ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ'

᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ

᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱟᱭᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ'

᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱦᱳᱱᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ'

᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱳᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱩ ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱳᱞ' (ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ)

᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱴᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱ (USA) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 'ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤ ᱥᱳ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ'

᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱚᱞᱣᱚ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ('Volvo International Environment Award')

᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ 'ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱣᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ' ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.

'ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ' ᱮᱢᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ 'ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟᱥᱨᱤ' (᱑᱙᱖᱗), 'ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ' (᱑᱙᱗᱒) ᱟᱨ 'ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱢᱟᱵᱷᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱟᱱ' (᱑᱙᱘᱙) ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.

ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱠ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ (environmental technology) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱫᱟᱥᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ, ᱥᱣᱮᱰᱮᱱ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱡᱽ" ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱢ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟᱞ, Lídia; ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ, ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱢ; Xu, Xiuli (3 July 2021). "Epic narratives of the Green Revolution in Brazil, China, and India". Agriculture and Human Values. 39: 249–267. doi:10.1007/s10460-021-10241-x. S2CID 237804269.
↑ Dugger, Celia W. (2000-11-10). "Chidambaram Subramaniam, India's 'Green' Rebel, 90, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-12-03. Chidambaram Subramaniam, the political architect of the green revolution in India...
↑ "'Father of Wheat Revolution' DS Athwal passes away". Hindustan Times (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 15 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
↑ Spaeth, Anthony (23–30 August 1999). "Asians of the Century: A Tale of Titans. M.S. Swaminathan". TIME. Time 100. Vol. 154, no. 7/8. Archived from the original on 25 January 2001.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
↑ "Swaminathan, Moncompu Sambasivan". Ramon Magsaysay Award. 1971. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021. A cytogeneticist from India who made major advances in breeding sturdier, more productive and better quality plant types
↑ Damodaran, Harish (13 August 2015). "A living legend: Swaminathan@90". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
↑ Worth, Brett. "M.S. Swaminathan (Honorary)". The Hunger Project (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

[:4-1] ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟᱞ, Lídia; ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ, ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱢ; Xu, Xiuli (3 July 2021). "Epic narratives of the Green Revolution in Brazil, China, and India". Agriculture and Human Values. 39: 249–267. doi:10.1007/s10460-021-10241-x. S2CID 237804269.

[2] Dugger, Celia W. (2000-11-10). "Chidambaram Subramaniam, India's 'Green' Rebel, 90, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-12-03. Chidambaram Subramaniam, the political architect of the green revolution in India...

[3] "'Father of Wheat Revolution' DS Athwal passes away". Hindustan Times (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 15 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-12-03.

[:0-4] Spaeth, Anthony (23–30 August 1999). "Asians of the Century: A Tale of Titans. M.S. Swaminathan". TIME. Time 100. Vol. 154, no. 7/8. Archived from the original on 25 January 2001.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

[:1-5] "Swaminathan, Moncompu Sambasivan". Ramon Magsaysay Award. 1971. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021. A cytogeneticist from India who made major advances in breeding sturdier, more productive and better quality plant types

[:8-6] Damodaran, Harish (13 August 2015). "A living legend: Swaminathan@90". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-11-30.

[:22-7] Worth, Brett. "M.S. Swaminathan (Honorary)". The Hunger Project (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

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