ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
తెలుగు లిపి
ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ; తెలుగు లిపి
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	ᱟᱵᱩᱜᱤᱫᱟ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ	ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ; ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ; ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ	c. ᱑᱓᱐᱐ CE–ᱱᱤᱛ
ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ	ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤᱯᱨᱳᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱢᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ-ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ; ; ; ;
ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ
ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱑᱕᱙᱒᱔	Telu,
ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ	U+0C00–U+0C7F
	[ᱚ] ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ᱾
	ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ‌ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ: తెలుగు లిపి; ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱵᱩᱜᱤᱫᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱩᱠᱭᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱰᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱝᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱩᱠᱭᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤᱯᱨᱳᱞᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾^[᱖]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱢᱳᱣᱨᱡᱳ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱥᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤᱯᱨᱳᱞᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾^[᱗]^[᱘] ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞᱤᱢᱚᱴᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱙] ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤᱯᱨᱳᱞᱩ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱢᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ-ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑᱐] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱓᱐᱐ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ, ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑]^[᱑᱑]^[᱑᱒] ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱟᱞᱼᱵᱤᱨᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ "ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾^[᱑᱓]

ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱼᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ (Diacritic) ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ	భ (ᱵᱷᱚ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ	ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ	భ (ᱵᱷᱚ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ
అ	భ	a	/a/	ఆ	భా	ā	/aː/
ఇ	భి	i	/i/	ఈ	భీ	ī	/iː/
ఉ	భు	u	/u/	ఊ	భూ	ū	/uː/
ఋ	భృ	r̥	/ɾu/ (syllabic r)	ౠ	భౄ	r̥̄	/ɾuː/
ఌ	భౢ	l̥	/lu/ (syllabic l)	ౡ	భౣ	l̥̄	/lu:/
ఎ	భె	e	/e/	ఏ	భే	ē	/eː/
ఐ	భై	ai	/aj/
ఒ	భొ	o	/o/	ఓ	భో	ō	/oː/
ఔ	భౌ	au	/aw/

ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: a, u, o)᱾ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ (diacritic) ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱭᱟ᱾

ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ:

ఖ + ఈ (ీ) → ఖీ	/kʰa/ + /iː/ → /kʰiː/
జ + ఉ (ు) → జు	/dʒa/ + /u/ → /dʒu/

ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ
క	k	/k/	ఖ	kh	/kʰ/	గ	g	/ɡ/	ఘ	gh	/ɡʱ/	ఙ	ṅ	/ŋ/
చ	ch	/tʃ/	ఛ	chh	/tʃʰ/	జ	j	/dʒ/	ఝ	jh	/dʒʱ/	ఞ	ñ	/ɲ/
ట	ṭ	/ʈ/	ఠ	ṭh	/ʈʰ/	డ	ḍ	/ɖ/	ఢ	ḍh	/ɖʱ/	ణ	ṇ	/ɳ/
త	t	/t/	థ	th	/tʰ/	ద	d	/d/	ధ	dh	/dʱ/	న	n	/n/
ప	p	/p/	ఫ	ph	/pʰ/	బ	b	/b/	భ	bh	/bʱ/	మ	m	/m/
య	y	/j/	ర	r	/ɾ/	ల	l	/l/	వ	v	/ʋ/	ళ	ḷ	/ɭ/
శ	ś	/ʃ/	ష	ṣ	/ʂ/	స	s	/s/	హ	h	/h/	ఱ	ṟ	/r/

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ	ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ
అం	aṁ	అఁ	an̆	అః	aḥ	క్	k

ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ:

క + ్ → క్	[ka] + [∅] → [k]
క + ఁ → కఁ	[ka] + [n] → [kan̆]
క + ం → కం	[ka] + [m] → [kaṁ]
క + ః → కః	[ka] + [h] → [kaḥ]

ᱮᱞ

᱐	᱑	᱒	᱓	᱔	᱕	᱖	᱗	᱘	᱙
౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯

^᱐⁄_᱔	^᱑⁄_᱔	^᱒⁄_᱔	^᱓⁄_᱔	^᱐⁄_᱑᱖	^᱑⁄_᱑᱖	^᱒⁄_᱑᱖	^᱓⁄_᱑᱖
౸	౹	౺	౻	౦	౼	౽	౾

ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ: ౹, ౺, ᱟᱨ ౻ ᱫᱚ ^᱑⁄_᱖᱔, ^᱒⁄_᱖᱔, ^᱓⁄_᱖᱔, ^᱑⁄_᱑᱐᱒᱔, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ౼, ౽, ᱟᱨ ౾ ᱫᱚ ^᱑⁄_᱒᱕᱖, ^᱒⁄_᱒᱕᱖, ^᱓⁄_᱒᱕᱖, ^᱑⁄_᱔᱐᱙᱖, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾^[᱑᱔]

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ

ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑.᱐ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱮᱜᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ U+0C00–U+0C7F:

ᱛᱮᱹᱞᱩᱜᱩ^[1]^[2] ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱪᱟᱨᱴ (ᱯᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱯᱷ)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+0C0x	ఀ	ఁ	ం	ః	ఄ	అ	ఆ	ఇ	ఈ	ఉ	ఊ	ఋ	ఌ		ఎ	ఏ
U+0C1x	ఐ		ఒ	ఓ	ఔ	క	ఖ	గ	ఘ	ఙ	చ	ఛ	జ	ఝ	ఞ	ట
U+0C2x	ఠ	డ	ఢ	ణ	త	థ	ద	ధ	న		ప	ఫ	బ	భ	మ	య
U+0C3x	ర	ఱ	ల	ళ	ఴ	వ	శ	ష	స	హ			఼	ఽ	ా	ి
U+0C4x	ీ	ు	ూ	ృ	ౄ		ె	ే	ై		ొ	ో	ౌ	్
U+0C5x						ౕ	ౖ		ౘ	ౙ	ౚ			ౝ
U+0C6x	ౠ	ౡ	ౢ	ౣ			౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯
U+0C7x								౷	౸	౹	౺	౻	౼	౽	౾	౿
ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ᱑.^ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱱ ᱑᱔.᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ^᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ Indian Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.41, ISBN 0-19-509984-2
↑ Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019),p.29
↑ Salmon 1999, p. 35
↑ "Evolution of Telugu Character Graphs". Archived from the original on 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2021-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
↑ Antiquity of Telugu language and script: http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm
↑ Ananda Buddha Vihara Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱗-᱐᱙-᱓᱐ at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India-【佛学研究网】佛教文化网中国佛教网中国佛学网佛教信息网佛教研究佛学讲座禅学讲座吴言生说禅". Archived from the original on 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
↑ Diringer, David (1948). Alphabet a key to the history of mankind. p. 381.
↑ The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228
↑ Murthy, K.N.; Rao, G.U. "4.5 Telugu Script" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
↑ Al-biruni. English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
↑ Nāgārjuna Venna. "Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks" (PDF). JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3156. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved July 29, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

[epigraphy-1] ᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ Indian Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.41, ISBN 0-19-509984-2

[2] Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019),p.29

[3] Salmon 1999, p. 35

[4] "Evolution of Telugu Character Graphs". Archived from the original on 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2013-07-22.

[5] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2021-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[6] "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 31 October 2008.

[7] Antiquity of Telugu language and script: http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm

[8] Ananda Buddha Vihara Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱗-᱐᱙-᱓᱐ at the Wayback Machine.

[9] "The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India-【佛学研究网】佛教文化网中国佛教网中国佛学网佛教信息网佛教研究佛学讲座禅学讲座吴言生说禅". Archived from the original on 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

[10] Diringer, David (1948). Alphabet a key to the history of mankind. p. 381.

[11] The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228

[12] Murthy, K.N.; Rao, G.U. "4.5 Telugu Script" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 2021-11-25.

[13] Al-biruni. English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'. New Delhi: National Book Trust.

[14] Nāgārjuna Venna. "Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks" (PDF). JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3156. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved July 29, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

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