ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ three millennia ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱥᱛᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱰᱤᱜᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟ.ᱝ ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩ~ ᱚᱨᱚᱝ

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩ~ᱚᱨᱚᱝ

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱻᱚᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ (oil painting) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱸᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟ. ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟ.ᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱸᱫᱷᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱤᱠᱚ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟ.ᱴᱤᱡ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱮᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱫᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱦᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟ.ᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽ ᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟ.ᱝ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱜᱚᱯᱷᱩᱨ ᱵᱨᱮᱥᱱᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱮᱪ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤᱭᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ.ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱟᱢᱫᱟ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ/ ᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱥᱛᱳ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱥᱛᱳ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟ.ᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟ.ᱢᱤᱭᱟ. ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱨᱟᱡᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱙% ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱘᱐% ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱥᱚᱞᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟ.ᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟ.ᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟ. ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱛᱷᱩᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱵᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_Afghanistan

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_diaspora

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Afghanistan

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Dupree

ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Afghanistan.pdf

https://books.google.com/books?id=KRt0HfYFZGsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱐-᱒᱘ at the Wayback Machine.

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0037)

http://www.understandingwar.org/map/afghanistans-ethno-linguistic-groups

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society

http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/24/afghanistan.painting/

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,352342,00.html

https://www.britannica.com/art/Gandhara-art

http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1126/p01s04-almp.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20091016053105/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/05/09/stories/2005050900561400.htm

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

http://www.afghanistan.culturalprofiles.net/

http://www.afghan-web.com/culture/

https://web.archive.org/web/20070326221924/http://www.afghanistan-photos.com/crbst_27.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20061206014859/http://www.afghan-network.net/Culture/mati4.html

http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/afghanistan/index.html

http://www.nongnu.org/afghancalendar

http://www.afghanproverbs.com/

http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Afghanistan_GeogCulturalDivisions_lg.png