ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ, ᱜᱳᱰᱤᱡᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴ ᱴᱮᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑]
Kalkoti | |
---|---|
کلکوٹی / کھلکوٹی / کھعلکوٹی | |
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | [kʰælkoːʈ] |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Pakistan |
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Kalkot Tehsil |
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ | Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".e25 |
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
ISO 639-3 | xka |
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | kalk1245 [᱒] |
ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | ɪ~i(ː) | ʊ~u(ː) |
Mid | eː | oː |
Open | ə~æ(ː)~aː | ɑ(ː)~ɒ(ː) |
ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾[᱓]
ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɳ (?) | ŋ (?) | ||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | q | ʔ (?) | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ (?) | kʰ | ||||
voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʂ | tʃ | ||||
aspirated | tʂʰ (?) | tʃʰ | ||||||
voiced | dʒ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʂ | ʃ | x | ||
voiced | z | ɣ | ||||||
Lateral | l | |||||||
Flap | ɾ | ɽ (?) | ||||||
Approximant | ʋ | j |
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱮᱢ /q, ⁇ , x, z, ɣ, ⁇ / ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱤᱨᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱺᱦᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱤᱨᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ /ʔ/ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱵᱮ, ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱳᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ https://books.google.com/books/about/International_Encyclopedia_of_Linguistic.html?id=sl_dDVctycgC#v=onepage&q&f=falseOxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kalkoti". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Liljegren, Henrik (2013). "Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influence". Linguistic Discovery. 11 (1): 129–160. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.423. ISSN 1537-0852