ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ

Philbar 3

ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠ (Logic, from the Ancient Greek: λογική, translit. logikḗ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱶᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ , ᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

Aristotle

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱴᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱴᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱶ ᱟᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱶᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱚᱥ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫᱷᱟᱛᱤᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱶᱛᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ (c. 6th century BCE) ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱶᱟᱫ ᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱡᱽ (Charles Babbage), ᱚᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ( Augustus De Morgan) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱩᱞᱮ ( George Boole) ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• An Outline for Verbal Logic
• Introductions and tutorials
  • An Introduction to Philosophical Logic Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱘-᱐᱔-᱐᱓ at the Wayback Machine., by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
  • forall x: an introduction to formal logic, by P.D. Magnus, covers sentential and quantified logic.
  • Logic Self-Taught: A Workbook Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱘-᱐᱕-᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine. (originally prepared for on-line logic instruction).
    • Nicholas Rescher. (1964). Introduction to Logic, St. Martin's Press.
• Essays
  • "Symbolic Logic" and "The Game of Logic", Lewis Carroll, 1896.
  • Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas. In The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
• Online Tools
  • Interactive Syllogistic Machine A web based syllogistic machine for exploring fallacies, figures, terms, and modes of syllogisms.
• Reference material
  • Translation Tips Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱐-᱐᱓-᱐᱘ at the Wayback Machine., by Peter Suber, for translating from English into logical notation.
  • Ontology and History of Logic. An Introduction with an annotated bibliography.
• Reading lists
  • The London Philosophy Study Guide Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱖-᱒᱐ at the Wayback Machine. offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject:
    • Logic & Metaphysics Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱗-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine.
    • Set Theory and Further Logic Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱒-᱒᱗ at the Wayback Machine.
    • Mathematical Logic Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱑-᱒᱕ at the Wayback Machine.

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic