ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭ ᱨᱚᱲ
ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑][᱒][᱓][᱔][᱕]
| Malwai | |
|---|---|
| ਮਲਵਈ ਬੋਲੀ • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Uninastaliq | |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | India, Pakistan |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Malwa region of Punjab |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Malwai Punjabis |
Indo-European
| |
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | Gurmukhī Shahmukhi |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱨᱚᱡᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱤᱞᱠᱟ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱠᱳᱴ, ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨ, ᱢᱳᱜᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤᱱᱫᱟ, ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱨᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟ, ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱞᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱣᱚᱱ, ᱨᱟᱭᱠᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ) ᱴᱮᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ
ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱽᱣᱟᱞᱤ, ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱮᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱛᱮᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱮᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ
ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ Khan, Jamshid Ali (2006). Politics of Coalition Governments in Punjab. Madaan Publications. p. 32.
Malwa region lies in the southern side of Satluj river. It includes the largest of all the three regions of the state. The dialects of Punjabi language define regional identities. Malwa is defined by Malwai, Majha by Majhai and ...
- ↑ Singh, Mandeep (2005). Punjab Today. Harvinder Kaur. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications. p. 11. ISBN 81-7629-702-X. OCLC 62536488.
The people of the region speak the Malwa dialect, which is similar to Punjabi. Malwa is surrounded by the river Sutlej in the north, the river Ghaggar in the south, the Shivalik Hills in the east and Pakistan in the west.
- ↑ Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life. Jeneen Hobby, Timothy L. Gall, Gale (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale. 2009. p. 808. ISBN 978-1-4144-4893-0. OCLC 388481759.
The other important Punjabi dialects are Malwa, Doabi, Powadhi, Dogri, and Bhattiani.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ Duggal, Kartar Singh (1988). Philosophy and Faith of Sikhism. Honesdale, Pa.: Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the U.S.A. p. 77. ISBN 0-89389-109-6. OCLC 21934816.
According to the renowned Sikh Scholar, the late Principal Teja Singh, Punjabi is the language that the people of the Punjab have spoken from time immemorial. A living language keeps on changing its complexion. During the course of history, this change in complexion may result in the language being transformed beyond recognition. Punjabi has undergone this metamorphosis time and again and yet it remains Punjabi, the language to which the people in this part of the country belong. Even today the language spoken by the people living in Pothoar is different in flavor from the one spoken in Malwa, as much as the language spoken in Malwa is different in taste from that of Majha. It is said that the dialects in India start changing about every 30 kilometers. Like all other Indian languages, Punjabi, too, has a number of dialects. They can be as diverse as Pahari, spoken in the north, and Lehndi, prevalent in the south.
- ↑ Munday, Jeremy (2009). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 138. ISBN 9781135198190.
A further factor is added by the setting of the novel in an isolated village in the Malwa region of Punjab. The poorly educated characters converse with each other in the local Malwai dialect of Punjabi. Their colloquial dialogue constitutes a crucial element of the fictional discourse, with the third person narrator portraying characters and situations through the character's speech rhythms and the cultural environment they evoke.
- ↑ Haldar, Gopal (2000). Languages of India. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India. p. 149. ISBN 9788123729367.
The age of Old Punjabi: up to 1600 A.D. […] It is said that evidence of Old Punjabi can be found in the Granth Sahib.
- ↑ Bhatia, Tej K. (2013). Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar (Reprint ed.). London: Routledge. p. XXV. ISBN 9781136894602.
As an independent language Punjabi has gone through the following three stages of development: Old Punjabi (10th to 16th century). Medieval Punjabi (16th to 19th century), and Modern Punjabi (19th century to Present).
- ↑ Christopher Shackle; Arvind Mandair (2013). "0.2.1 – Form". Teachings of the Sikh Gurus : selections from the Scriptures (First ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781136451089.
Surpassing them all in the frequent subtlety of his linguistic choices, including the use of dialect forms as well as of frequent loanwords from Sanskrit and Persian, Guru Nanak combined this poetic language of the Sants with his native Old Punjabi. It is this mixture of Old Punjabi and old Hindi which constitutes the core idiom of all the earlier Gurus.
- ↑ Frawley, William (2003). International encyclopedia of linguistics (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 423. ISBN 9780195139778.
- ↑ Austin, Peter (2008). One thousand languages : living, endangered, and lost. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780520255609.
- ↑ Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar (2008). Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 411. ISBN 9781139465502.