ᱢᱟᱫ

ᱢᱟᱫ
	Arashiyama, Kyoto, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ
ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
Missing taxonomy template (fix):	ᱢᱟᱫ
ᱢᱤᱫᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱠᱚ
	.;

ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ poaceae ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱩᱥᱚᱫᱮᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱟᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱜ - ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ "ᱢᱟᱜ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ Bamboo ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱩ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱪ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱥᱴᱤᱢ (stem) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ cross - section ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱞᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱳᱴᱟᱭᱞᱰᱳᱱᱚᱥ ᱣᱩᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ stem ᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱸᱡ ᱢᱳᱱᱳᱠᱚᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ stem ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱮ tap ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱜᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱜ (columnist) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ rhizome-dependent ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱦᱟᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ - ᱟ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱑᱐ ᱢᱢ (᱓᱖ ᱤᱱ) ᱒᱔ - ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱴ (rate) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱔᱐ ᱢᱢ (᱑.᱖ ᱤᱱ) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ( ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱙᱐ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱜ, ᱥᱮ ᱑ ᱤᱧᱪ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱔᱐ ᱢᱤᱱᱚᱴᱥ) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ - ᱟ) ᱾ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱽ (source) ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ high power ᱠᱷᱚᱱ weight ratio ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ratio ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱩᱢᱩᱭ (softwood) ᱥᱮ ᱞᱮᱧᱡᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (Systematics) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱᱳᱢᱤ (taxonomy)

BOP clade

Bambusoideae

	Bambuseae (tropical woody bamboos)

	Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos)

Arundinarieae (temperate woody bamboos)

Pooideae

Oryzoideae

Phylogeny of the bamboo within the BOP clade of grasses, as suggested by analyses of the whole of Poaceae^[᱒] and of the bamboos in particular.^[᱓]

ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠᱴᱮᱴ, ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱴᱮᱨᱢᱤᱱᱚᱴ (indeterminate) inflorescences, "pseudospikelets", ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ lodicules ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱴᱤᱢᱮᱱᱥ (stamens), ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱜᱽᱢᱟ (stigma) ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Bamboo for Climate Change by INBAR.

Bamboo Structural Design ISO Standards

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. ISSN 1674-4918. ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Open access
↑ Grass Phylogeny Working Group II (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C₄ origins". New Phytologist. 193 (2): 304–312. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x. hdl:2262/73271. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 22115274.
↑ Kelchner S; Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group (2013). "Higher level phylogenetic relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 404–413. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 23454093. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015.

[SorengPeterson2015-1] Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. ISSN 1674-4918. ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Open access

[GPWGII-2] Grass Phylogeny Working Group II (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C₄ origins". New Phytologist. 193 (2): 304–312. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x. hdl:2262/73271. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 22115274.

[Kelchner2013-3] Kelchner S; Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group (2013). "Higher level phylogenetic relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 404–413. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 23454093. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]