ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ

ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ
ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ
	ᱨᱮᱫ:IGNOU logo.svg Logo of IGNOU
ᱩᱱᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ	The People's University
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ	1985; Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱑". Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱑".
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ	Public university
ᱪᱟᱱᱥᱮᱞᱚᱨ	President of India
ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱱᱥᱮᱞᱚᱨ	Nageshwar Rao
ᱟᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ	Cumulative enrolment of nearly 4.3 million
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱢᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱨᱦᱤ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, India
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ	᱖᱗
Colours	Deep Sky Blue
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ	www.ignou.ac.in

IGNOU ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ 1985 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ (IGNOU ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱙᱘᱕) ᱯᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ^[᱔]IGNOU ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱔ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱾^[᱕]^[᱖]

IGNOU ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱮᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ^[᱗]ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ^[᱗]IGNOU ᱨᱮ SAARC ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱛᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ (SACODiL) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱜᱟ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱩᱭᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱥ ᱱᱮᱴᱳᱣᱟᱨᱠ (GMUNET) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱮᱴᱟᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ UNESCO ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱤᱜᱱᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱾ ^[᱘]ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ , ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱪᱮᱨᱤ , ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱠᱷᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱯᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱨᱥᱳᱯᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱞᱟᱨᱱᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱳ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ^{[citation needed]}^[᱙]ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱞᱟᱟᱨᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱟᱨᱟᱭ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱴᱮᱞ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱞᱟᱨᱱᱤᱝ ᱠᱳᱥᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ ᱵᱤ ᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱐]

ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ BA, BAVTM, BCOM, BSC, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱮᱹᱞᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱰᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ CBCS ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ CBCS ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱡᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱱᱥᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱚᱛᱩᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ , ᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱳ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱯᱳᱯᱟᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ' ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱯᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱣᱦᱚᱨᱞᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱦᱮᱨᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱼᱪᱟᱱᱥᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱼᱯᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟᱥᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟᱼᱱᱚᱭᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ , ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ , ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ , ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ , ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ , ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ , ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱯᱚ ᱪᱮᱱᱥᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱾

ᱡᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱰᱤ ᱾ 1985ᱼ90
ᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱞᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭᱟᱢᱚᱭ 1990ᱼ1995
ᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱤ ᱛᱚᱠᱳᱣᱟᱞᱮ 1995ᱼ1998
ᱮᱹᱰᱞᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ 1998ᱼ2001
ᱮᱭᱤᱪᱹᱯᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱤᱛᱛᱚ 2001ᱼ2006
ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱥᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱞᱤ 2006ᱼ2011
ᱮᱢ ᱮᱥᱞᱟᱢ 2011ᱼ12
ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱟᱱ 2012ᱼ2013
ᱮᱢ ᱮᱥᱞᱟᱢ 2013ᱼ2017
ᱱᱟᱜᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱼ18 ᱼ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱳᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱣᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ IGNOU ᱚᱰᱤᱣᱼᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ 1992 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ,IGNOU ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱪᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱑]

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱜᱽᱱᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ UAE, UK, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives, Ethiopia, Namibia, Kenya, Myanmar, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Fiji, France, Ghana, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Madagascar, Liberia, West Indies, Samoa, Lesotho, Malawi, Switzerland, Nigeria, Mongolia, and Zambia ᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ

IGNOU ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ "ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" (MILs) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ, ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱟ, ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ, ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤ (ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱾^[᱑᱒]

ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ

ᱤᱜᱽᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱾ ^[᱑᱓]ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ<unk> 20%<unk> ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ^[᱑᱔]</unk></unk>ᱟᱭᱡᱤᱱᱳ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴᱼᱰᱤᱞᱢᱳᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱡᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱥᱥ ᱾

ᱟᱥᱲᱟ	ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ
ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥ ᱾	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞᱡᱚ (ᱠᱳᱥᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ) ᱾
ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱥᱟᱞᱚ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ	ᱰᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱦᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱴᱜᱳᱵᱷᱚᱠᱟᱨ
ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱱᱚᱞ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱾	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱱᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱮᱰᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱱ
ᱮᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱝ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱤᱜ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱜᱚᱨᱵᱟᱞ ᱾
ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱥᱴᱤᱫᱤᱡᱽ	ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱩ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱪᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱵᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ	ᱯᱨᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱥ
ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ	ᱰᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱤᱱ
ᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱮᱛᱨᱟ
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱱᱤᱭᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱤᱫᱤᱡᱽ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱹ ᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱ
ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱶ ᱾	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱢᱫᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱳᱥᱤᱯᱮᱞᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱢᱮᱱᱴ	ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱠᱞᱟᱵᱟᱭᱫᱽᱭᱟ
ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱥᱼᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱚᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱤᱫᱤᱡᱽ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱞ ᱳᱣᱟᱨ	ᱯᱨᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟᱠᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱾	ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (ᱰᱤᱠᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ ᱯᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ)
ᱮᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱥᱴᱰᱤᱡᱽ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱩᱠᱤ
ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱩᱨ ᱾
ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱥᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱥᱴᱰᱤᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ	ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱚᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ
ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ	ᱰᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨᱡᱩ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱾

↑ "IGNOU appoints Nageshwar Rao as new VC". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
↑ "Profile of IGNOU - Preamble". Indira Gandhi National Open University. Archived from the original on 27 ᱡᱩᱱ 2020. Retrieved 10 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.
↑ Gohain, Manash Pratim (14 October 2019). "In 9 yrs, number of SC students at Ignou rose by 248%, STs by 172%". The Times of India. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
↑ "Indira Gandhi National Open University, 1985" (PDF). Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
↑ Creating Accessible Online Instruction Using Universal Design Principles: A LITA Guide, p. 103, Brady Lund, Rowman & Littlefield.
↑ "Constant learning through distance education". Deccan Herald. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
↑ ^᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ "About IGNOU". Retrieved 29 July 2013.
↑ CORRESPONDENT, A. SPECIAL. "Success story". Frontline (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2020-09-08.
↑ "IGNOU - Announcements - Latest - New Education Policy: Survey on Open and Distance Learning and Online Courses". ignou.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
↑ "Retail through distance mode". The Times of India.
↑ Newsbytes: IGNOU Launches First Virtual University in India, 6 July 1999 (URL last accessed on 29 April 2007)
↑ ANI (2023-02-16). "Kashmiri language introduced by IGNOU at under graduate level". ThePrint (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-03-19. In addition to these disciplines, the School has an elective basket of Modern Indian Languages on offer to undergraduates: Malayalam, Marathi, Odiya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Manipuri and, Nepali.
↑ "RC:". Archived from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
↑ IGNOU Website: – IGNOU

[1] "IGNOU appoints Nageshwar Rao as new VC". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-21.

[Profile_of_IGNOU_-_Preamble-2] "Profile of IGNOU - Preamble". Indira Gandhi National Open University. Archived from the original on 27 ᱡᱩᱱ 2020. Retrieved 10 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015.

[3] Gohain, Manash Pratim (14 October 2019). "In 9 yrs, number of SC students at Ignou rose by 248%, STs by 172%". The Times of India. Retrieved 17 January 2021.

[Act-4] "Indira Gandhi National Open University, 1985" (PDF). Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.

[5] Creating Accessible Online Instruction Using Universal Design Principles: A LITA Guide, p. 103, Brady Lund, Rowman & Littlefield.

[6] "Constant learning through distance education". Deccan Herald. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

[:0-7] ᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ "About IGNOU". Retrieved 29 July 2013.

[8] CORRESPONDENT, A. SPECIAL. "Success story". Frontline (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2020-09-08.

[9] "IGNOU - Announcements - Latest - New Education Policy: Survey on Open and Distance Learning and Online Courses". ignou.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-10-11.

[10] "Retail through distance mode". The Times of India.

[11] Newsbytes: IGNOU Launches First Virtual University in India, 6 July 1999 (URL last accessed on 29 April 2007)

[12] ANI (2023-02-16). "Kashmiri language introduced by IGNOU at under graduate level". ThePrint (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-03-19. In addition to these disciplines, the School has an elective basket of Modern Indian Languages on offer to undergraduates: Malayalam, Marathi, Odiya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Manipuri and, Nepali.

[13] "RC:". Archived from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-22.

[14] IGNOU Website: – IGNOU

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