ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ

ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱚᱭᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1875 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱱᱟᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱟᱥ ᱟᱜ 'ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱛᱼᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱾^[᱑] ^[᱒]

ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱼᱜᱟᱹᱨᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟᱤᱡ ᱜᱳᱥᱴᱳᱵᱤᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱼ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱓]^[᱔]^[᱕] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 1872 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱼᱡᱟᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱼᱡᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱜᱳᱥᱴᱳᱵᱤᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱥ 'ᱥᱨᱟᱛᱼᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱤ' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ^[᱖] ^[᱗]ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ^[᱘] ^[᱙]ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱔] ᱜᱳᱥᱴᱳᱵᱤᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱐] ^[᱑᱑] ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, 'ᱰᱩᱨᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱱᱫᱤᱱ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱢᱟᱞᱟ, 'ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱭᱤᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ, 'ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱼᱵᱤᱱᱳᱫᱤᱱᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱚᱢᱳᱦᱤᱱᱤ, 'ᱢᱨᱤᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱡᱚᱭ, 'ᱚᱥᱨᱚᱢᱚᱛᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 'ᱵᱤᱥᱵᱨᱤᱠᱥᱚ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱒]^[᱑᱓] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ "ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱴᱟᱨ" ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 1880 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱣᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱔] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱯᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱤᱛᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱚᱠ (ᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱱᱠᱩᱭᱤᱥᱰ ᱪᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱰ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 1876 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 23 ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ 1876 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱱᱟᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱔] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱪᱨᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱱᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾^[᱑᱕]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :14
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ {{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :16
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :15
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :17
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ ^᱑᱔.᱐ ^᱑᱔.᱑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.
↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:14-1] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :14

[:3-2] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[3] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:12-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ ^᱔.᱒ {{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)

[:0-5] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:16-6] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :16

[:34-7] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:15-8] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :15

[:33-9] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:1-10] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1

[:32-11] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:17-12] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :17

[:35-13] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:13-14] ᱑᱔.᱐ ^᱑᱔.᱑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

[:2-15] Murshid, Ghulam (2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0.

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