ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ
ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ17°39′50″N 75°53′35″E / 17.664°N 75.893°E / 17.664; 75.893Coordinates: 17°39′50″N 75°53′35″E / 17.664°N 75.893°E / 17.664; 75.893
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ455.000 metres (1,492.782 ft)
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱣᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱠᱚ)ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ–ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱫᱟᱨ–ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ–ᱜᱩᱱᱛᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ
ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ
ᱴᱨᱮᱠ
ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣDRM - ᱥᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱜᱩᱯᱛᱟ
ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ
ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱStandard on ground
ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱤᱝᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ
ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰSUR
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ(ᱠᱚ) ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ᱑᱘᱖᱐
ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ
ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ᱑᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐+
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Infobox station/services
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Infobox station/services
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Infobox station/services
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ is located in India
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ is located in India
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ

ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑]

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱨ. ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱥᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ–ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱳᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱦᱚᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, GIPR ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱚᱞᱟ–ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱥᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱳᱦᱚᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒]

ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ–ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ–ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱦᱳᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱦᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱗᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ।[᱓]

ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱳᱞᱚᱯᱩᱨ-ᱦᱩᱵᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱰᱚᱜᱽ–ᱦᱳᱴᱜᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔] ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱚᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱪᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱮ-᱑ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]

ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ (GIPR) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ-ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱯᱷᱤᱰ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱖] ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ।[᱗]

ᱯᱩᱱᱮ-ᱫᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ-ᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱯᱷᱤᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱘] ᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ-ᱠᱟᱞᱵᱩᱨᱜᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱙]

ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱵᱩᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱑᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱐]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

  1. Arkhade, Arvind (November 2021). "अहमदनगर-करमाळा नवीन रेल्वे मार्गाबाबत लवकरच निर्णयाची शक्यता" [Ahmednagar-Karmala new railway route likely to be decided soon]. Deshdoot (in ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ). Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  2. "IR History: Early Days – I : Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865)". IRFCA. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  3. Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899). "IR History: Early Days – II". IRFCA. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  4. "Solapur District Gazetteer". Gazetteer department. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  5. "Work completed on Gadag–Bagalkot gauge conversion". News on Projects.com, 8 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  6. "Electric Traction I". History of Electrification. IRFCA. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  7. "DC to AC conversion on Mumbai's Central Railways rail route completed". The Economic Times. Mumbai: PTI. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  8. "Pune–Daund local brings respite for daily commuters". Pune Mirror. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  9. "March 2021: When the Mumbai-Chennai Railway Route Will Be Fully Doubled, Electrified". 1 September 2020.
  10. "Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry". Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways. IRFCA. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]