ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ
| ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ | |
|---|---|
 ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱮᱱᱤ ᱩᱰ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱔᱗ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱟᱱ, ᱤᱨᱤᱥ |
| ᱜᱩᱨ | ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱓᱓ (᱘᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ) Adyar, Chinglepet District, Madras Presidency, British India (now Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) |
| ᱧᱩᱢᱱᱟᱢ | Theosophist, women's rights ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ and orator |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ | Indian National Congress Social Democratic Federation |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ | Indian independence movement |
| ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ | Frank Besant (m. 1867; div. 1873) |
| ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | Arthur, Mabel, Jiddu Krishnamurti (adopted) |
ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ (1 ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ 1847ᱼ20 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1933) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱳᱭᱚᱥᱛᱤᱛ, ᱫᱟᱣᱚᱥᱯᱷᱤᱥᱴ, ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ,ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑][᱒] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱸᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒] 1917 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱮᱱᱤ ᱳᱰ 1847 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1 ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱭᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱴᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱥ ᱳᱰ <ᱟᱭᱰᱤ1] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱳᱪ ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱝᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱴᱨᱤᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱵᱤᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱡᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱞᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱚᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱯᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ 1st ᱵᱟᱨᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱚᱜ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱨᱩᱫᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱚᱡᱮᱠᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
1877 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱟᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱱᱦᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱛᱟᱢᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ 21 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ 19 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ 20 ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱚᱱᱥ ᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱷᱚᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ 1885-1890[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱛᱤᱭᱳᱥᱳᱯᱷᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
,_c._1910.jpg)
1889 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱤᱪᱹ ᱯᱤ ᱵᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱴᱥᱠᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ 'ᱫᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱮᱴ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱨᱤᱤᱱ' ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱞ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ [᱓]ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱴᱥᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱭᱳᱥᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ (1890) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱞᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ "ᱮᱥᱴᱟᱢᱯ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ" ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱔]ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ (ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱᱴ, ᱮᱱᱤ, <ᱟᱭᱰᱤ1] ᱼ | ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱡ ᱳᱯᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱮᱱᱤ ᱳᱰ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ
ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
1 ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ 2015 ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱ ꯒꯨᱜᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ 168 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱩᱰᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ [᱕] ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, "ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱚᱠ, ᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱮᱴᱰ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱭ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾"
ᱜᱩᱦᱟ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱞᱥ ᱮᱜᱮᱱᱮᱥᱴ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ' ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾[᱖]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ "Annie Besant, Making Britain". www.open.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ↑ ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ "BBC - History - Annie Besant". www.bbc.co.uk (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ↑ Lutyens, Krishnamurti: The Years of Awakening, Avon/Discus. 1983. p 13
- ↑ Mark Bevir, The Making of British Socialism (Princeton University, 2011), 202.
- ↑ "Annie Besant's 168th Birthday". Google. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ↑ "Ramachandra Guha: I haven't written Rebels Against the Raj to influence Indians on their political preferences". Firstpost (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-07-12.