ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

Pangwali
Pangwali
𑚞𑚫𑚌𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯, पंगवाड़ी
	The word "Pangwali" written in Devanagari script
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	Pangwala
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Northern Western Pahari Pangwali; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Killar; Purthi; Sach; Dharwasi;
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	Takri, Devanagari
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-3	pgg
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	pang1282

ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱛᱟᱠᱨᱤ: 𑚞𑚫𑚌𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯 ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱤ ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱰᱮᱨ, ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱰᱰᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ‌ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟᱢ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱝᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ, ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱚᱨᱣᱟᱦᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱓]

ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱰᱮᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱙᱐% ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱖᱔%, ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱕᱒%, ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱔᱔% ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱚᱨᱣᱟᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱕᱐% ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱕᱕% , ᱠᱩᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱗᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱚᱨᱣᱟᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱔᱕% ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ

**Consonants**^[᱔]
		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n
Stop	voiceless	p	t̪		t͡ʃ	ʈ		k
	aspirated	pʰ	t̪ʰ		t͡ʃʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪		d͡ʒ	ɖ		ɡ
	breathy	bʱ	d̪ʱ		d͡ʒʱ	ɖʱ		ɡʱ
Fricative				s	ʃ				ɦ
Approximant		w		l			j
Flap or Tap				ɾ		ɽ

**Vowels**^[᱔]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː ĩ ĩː		u uː ũ ũː
Near-close	ɪ̥
Close-mid		ɘ ɘː ɘ̥ ɘ̃	o oː
Open-mid	ɛ ɛː
Near-open		ɐ ɐː ɐ̃ː
Open	a aː

ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞᱤᱡᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱢᱚᱱᱤ (harmony) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱮᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱚᱝᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pangwali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnologue26
↑ ^᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ *Nayak, Binaya; Dhanujay; Rosy (2010). A write-up on Pangwali Phonology. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
↑ Binaya Sundar Nayak, Parmas (2011). G.S. Chouhan; Raj Kumar; Mahatam; Shakuntla Rana (eds.). प्रारंभिक पंगवाड़ी व्याकरण [Basic Pangwali Grammar] (in ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ). Pangiteam.

[1] "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pangwali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[3] ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnologue26

[phon-4] ᱔.᱐ ^᱔.᱑ *Nayak, Binaya; Dhanujay; Rosy (2010). A write-up on Pangwali Phonology. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-01.

[Nayak-5] Binaya Sundar Nayak, Parmas (2011). G.S. Chouhan; Raj Kumar; Mahatam; Shakuntla Rana (eds.). प्रारंभिक पंगवाड़ी व्याकरण [Basic Pangwali Grammar] (in ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ). Pangiteam.

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